France (french)

                                                              1300 a.c – 750 a.c: Urnfield/Champs d'urnes

 

                                                              750 a.c – 501 a.c: Hallstatt

 

                                                              501 a.c – 51 a.c: Gauls/Gaulois

 

                                                             51 a.c – 486 d.c: Rome

 

                                                              486 – 884: Franks/Francs

 

                                            884: Holy Roman Empire/ Saint-Empire romain germanique

 

                                                              884 – 987: Franks/Francs

 

                                                              987 – 1420: Kingdom/Royaume

 

                                                              1420 – 36: English/Anglais

 

                                                               1436 – 1790: Kingdom/Royaume

 

                                                              1790 – 1809: Republic/République

 

                                                               1809 – 14: Empire

 

                                                               1814: State/État

 

                                                              1814 – 15: Republic/République

 

                                                              1815 – 48: Kingdom/Royaume

 

                                                              1848 – 52: Republic/République

 

                                                               1852 – 71: Empire

 

                                                              1871 – 1940: Republic/République

 

                                                               1940: State/État

 

                                                              1940 – 44: Germany/Allemagne

 

                                                               1944 -: Republic/République

 

President/Présidents                                                                                                                                       Prime ministers/Premiers ministres

                                                              1899 – 1906: Émile François Loubet

                                                              1899 – 1902: Pierre René Waldeck-Rousseau

                                                              1906 – 13: Clément Armand Fallières

                                                              1902 – 05: Émile Combes

                                                              1913 – 20: Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré

                                                              1905 – 06: Maurice Rouvier

                                                              1920: Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel

                                                              1906: Jean Marie Ferdinand Sarrien

                                                              1920 – 24: Étienne Alexandre Millerand

                                                             1906 – 09: Georges Clemenceau

                                                             1924: Frédéric François-Marsal

                                                               1909 – 11: Aristide Briand

                                                              1924 – 31: Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue

                                                               1911: Antoine Emmanuel Ernest Monis

                                                            1931 – 32: Joseph Athanase Gaston Paul Doumer

                                                               1911 – 12: Joseph Caillaux

                                                              1932: André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu

                                                              1912 – 13: Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré

                                                              1932 – 40: Albert François Lebrun

                                                              1913: Aristide Briand

Head of State/Chef de l'État

                                                               1913: Jean Louis Barthou

                                                              1940 – 44: Henri Philippe Pétain

                                                             1913 – 14: Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue

Acting heads of state/Chef de l'État intérimaire

                                                               1914: Alexandre Félix Joseph Ribot

                                                              1944 – 46: Charles de Gaulle

                                                              1914 – 15: René Viviani

                                                              1946: Félix Gouin

                                                              1915 – 17: Aristide Briand

                                                              1946: Georges Bidault

                                                              1917: Alexandre Félix Joseph Ribot

                                                              1946 – 47: Léon André Blum

                                                              1917: Paul Painlevé

Presidents/Présidents 

                                                              1917 – 20: Georges Clemenceau

                                                             1947 – 54: Jules Vincent Auriol

                                                             1920: Étienne Alexandre Millerand

                                                             1954 – 59: René Jules Gustave Coty

                                                              1920 – 21: Georges Leygues

                                                              1959 – 69: Charles de Gaulle

                                                              1921 – 22: Aristide Briand

                                                               1969: Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher

                                                              1922 – 24: Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré

                                                              1969 – 74: Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou

                                                              1924: Frédéric François-Marsal

                                                              1974: Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher

                                                              1924 – 25: Édouard Herriot

                                                              1974 – 81: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing

                                                              1925: Paul Painlevé

                                                              1981 – 95: François Maurice Mitterrand

                                                              1925 – 26: Aristide Briand

                                                              1995 – 2007: Jacques René Chirac

                                                              1926: Édouard Herriot

                                                               2007 – 12: Nicolas Paul Sarkozy

                                                               1926 – 29: Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré

 

                                                              2012 – 17: François Gérard Hollande

                                                              1929: Aristide Briand

                                                              2017 -: Emmanuel Jean-Michel Macron

                                                               1929 – 30: André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu

 

                                                              1930 – 31: Théodore Steeg

 

                                                              1931 – 32: Pierre Laval

 

                                                              1932: André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu

 

                                                              1932: Édouard Herriot

 

                                                              1932 – 33: Joseph Paul Boncour

 

                                                              1933: Édouard Daladier

 

                                                              1933 – 34: Camille Chautemps

 

                                                             1934: Édouard Daladier

 

                                                              1934: Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue

 

                                                              1934 – 35: Pierre Étienne Flandin

 

                                                              1935: Fernand Bouisson

 

                                                              1935 – 36: Pierre Laval

 

                                                              1936: Albert Pierre Sarraut

 

                                                              1936: Léon André Blum

 

                                                              1937 – 38: Camille Chautemps

 

                                                               1938: Léon André Blum

 

                                                              1938 – 40: Édouard Daladier

 

                                                               1940: Paul Jean Reynaud

 

                                                               1940 – 42: Henri Philippe Pétain

 

Chiefs of government/Chefs de gouvernement

 

                                                               1942 – 44: Pierre Laval

 

                                                              1944 – 45: Fernand de Brinon

 

Prime ministers/Premiers ministres

 

                                                               1947: Paul Ramadier

 

                                                               1947 – 48: Robert Schuman

 

                                                              1948: André Marie

 

                                                               1948: Robert Schuman

 

                                                               1948 – 49: Henri Queuille

 

                                                              1949 – 50: Georges Bidault

 

                                                                1950: Henri Queuille

 

                                                               1950 – 51: René Pleven

 

                                                              1951: Henri Queuille

 

                                                              1951 – 52: René Pleven

 

                                                               1952: Edgar Faure

 

                                                              1952 – 53: Antoine Pinay

 

                                                               1953: René Mayer

 

                                                              1953 – 54: Joseph Laniel

 

                                                             1954 – 55: Pierre Mendès-France

 

                                                              1955: Christian Pineau

 

                                                               1955 – 56: Edgar Faure

 

                                                              1956 – 57: Guy Mollet

 

                                                               1957: Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury

 

                                                              1957 – 58: Félix Gaillard

 

                                                              1958: Pierre Pflimlin

 

                                                              1958 – 59: Charles de Gaulle

 

                                                              1959 – 62: Michel Debré

 

                                                               1962 – 68: Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou

 

                                                              1968 – 69: Maurice Couve de Murville

 

                                                               1969 – 73: Jacques Chaban-Delmas

 

                                                              1973 – 74: Pierre Messmer

 

                                                               1974 – 76: Jacques René Chirac

 

                                                               1976 – 81: Raymond Barre

 

                                                               1981 – 84: Pierre Mauroy

 

                                                              1984 – 86: Laurent Fabius

 

                                                              1986 – 88: Jacques René Chirac

 

                                                               1988 – 91: Michel Rocard

 

                                                              1991 – 92: Edith Campion Cresson

 

                                                               1992 – 93: Pierre Eugène Bérégovoy

 

                                                              1993 – 95: Édouard Balladur

 

                                                               1995 – 97: Alain Marie Juppé

 

                                                               1997 – 2002: Lionel Jospin

 

                                                               2002 – 05: Jean-Pierre Raffarin

 

                                                              2005 – 07: Dominique Galouzeau de Villepin

 

                                                               2007 – 12: François-Charles Amand Fillon

 

                                                               2012 – 14: Jean-Marc Ayrault

 

                                                               2014 – 16: Manuel Valls

 

                                                               2016 – 17: Bernard Guy Georges Cazeneuve

 

                                                               2017 – 20: Édouard Charles Philippe

 

                                                                2020 - 22: Jean Castex

Liechtenstein (german)

                                                              1300 a.c – 750 a.c: Urnfield/ Urnenfelder

 

                                                              750 a.c – 501 a.c: Hallstatt

 

                                                              501 – 15 a.c: Celts/Kelten

 

                                                               15 a.c – 476 d.c: Rome/Rom

 

                                                               476 – 96: Alemanni/Alamannen

 

                                                               496 – 987: Franks/Franken

 

                                                               987 – 1000: France/Frankreich

 

                                        1000 – 1230: Holy Roman Empire/ Heiliges Römisches Reich

 

                                                              1230 – 1719: County/Grafschaft

 

                                                              1719 – 94: Principality/ Fürstentum

 

                                                              1794 – 96: Austria/Österreich

 

                                                               1796 – 99: France/Frankreich

 

                                        1799 – 1806: Holy Roman Empire/ Heiliges Römisches Reich

 

                                                              1806 -: Principality/Fürstentum

 

Princes/Fürsten                                                                                                                                Land Administrators/Fürstliche Landesverweser

                                                             1858 – 1929: Johann II

                                   1896 – 1913: Karl von In der Maur auf Strehlburg und zu Treifeld

                                                               1929 – 38: Franz I

                                                               1913 – 14: Joseph Ospelt

                                                              1938 – 89: Franz Joseph II

                                                               1914 – 18: Leopold Freiherr von Imhof

                                                               1989 -: Hans-Adam II

President of Provisional Executive Committee/Präsident des vorläufigen Exekutivausschusses

 

                                                                1918: Martin Ritter

 

Land Administrators/Fürstliche Landesverweser

 

                                                              1918 – 20: Prince Karl Alois

 

                                                               1920 – 21: Joseph Peer

 

Heads of government/Regierungschefs

 

                                                              1921 – 22: Joseph Ospelt

 

                                                               1922: Alfons Feger

 

                                                              1922: Felix Gubelmann

 

                                                              1922 – 28: Gustav Schädler

 

                                                              1928 – 45: Franz Josef Hoop

 

                                                               1945 – 62: Alexander Frick

 

                                                               1962 – 70: Gerald Batliner

 

                                                              1970 – 74: Alfred I. Hilbe

 

                                                                1974 – 78: Walter Kieber

 

                                                               1978 – 93: Hans Brunhart

 

                                                               1993: Markus Büchel

 

                                                               1993 – 2001: Mario Frick

 

                                                               2001 – 09: Otmar Hasler

 

                                                               2009 – 13: Klaus Tschütscher

 

                                                              2013 - 21: Adrian Hasler

Luxembourg (french)/Lëtzebuerg (luxembourgish)/ Luxemburg (german)

                                                              600 a.c – 53 a.c: Celts/Celtes/Kelten

 

                                                              53 a.c – 406 d.c: Rome/Roum/Rom

 

                                                               406 – 855: France/ Frankräich/Frankreich

 

                                                      855 – 959: Lotharingia/Lotharingie/Lotharingien

 

                                                               959 – 1059: Lorraine/ Loutrengen/ Lothringen

 

                                                       1059 – 1353: County/Comté/Grafschaft

 

                                                              1353 – 1543: Duchy/Duché/ Herzogtum

 

                                                              1543 – 44: France/ Frankräich/Frankreich

 

                                                              1544 – 56: Duchy/Duché/ Herzogtum 

 

                                                               1556 – 1713: Spain/Espagne/Spuenien/Spanien

 

                                                              1713 – 92: Austria/Autriche/Éisträich/Österreich

 

                                                               1792 – 93: France/ Frankräich/Frankreich

 

                                                              1793 – 94: Duchy/Duché/ Herzogtum

 

                                                              1794 – 1814: France/ Frankräich/Frankreich

 

              1814 – 30: Grand Duchy/Grand-Duché / Groussherzogtum/ Großherzogtum

 

                                                               1830 – 39: Belgium/Belgique/Belsch/Belgien

 

         1839 – 1914: Grand Duchy/Grand-Duché / Groussherzogtum/ Großherzogtum

 

                                            1914 – 18: Germany/Allemagne/Däitschland/ Deutschland

 

              1918 – 40: Grand Duchy/Grand-Duché / Groussherzogtum/ Großherzogtum

 

                                            1940 – 44: Germany/Allemagne/Däitschland/ Deutschland

 

                     1944 -: Grand Duchy/Grand-Duché / Groussherzogtum/ Großherzogtum

 

Grand-Dukes/Grand-ducs/Großherzogen/Großherzoge                                                            Prime ministers/Premiers ministres/Premierminister

                                                              1890 – 1905: Adolphe

                                                              1888 – 1915: Paul Eyschen

                                                              1905 – 12: Guillaume IV

                                                               1915: Mathias Mongenast

                                                              1912 – 19: Marie-Adélaïde

                                                               1915 – 16: Hubert Loutsch

                                                              1919 – 64: Charlotte

                                                                1916 – 17: Victor Thorn

                                                              1964 – 2000: Jean

                                                                 1917 – 18: Léon Kauffman

                                                               2000 -: Henri

                                                              1918 – 25: Émile Reuter

 

                                                              1925 – 26: Pierre Prüm

 

                                                              1926 – 37: Joseph Bech

 

                                                               1937 – 53: Pierre Dupong

 

                                                              1953 – 58: Joseph Bech

 

                                                              1958 – 59 : Pierre Frieden

 

                                                              1959 – 74: Pierre Werner

 

                                                               1974 – 79: Gaston Thorn

 

                                                              1979 – 84: Pierre Werner

 

                                                              1984 – 95: Jacques Santer

 

                                                               1995 – 2013: Jean-Claude Juncker

 

                                                               2013 - 23: Xavier Bettel