theheadofstateword

Burundi (french)/Uburundi (kirundi)

s. V a.c – s. VI d.c: Urewe

s. VI – 1680: Hutu/Abahutu

1680 – 1884: Kingdom/Royaume/Ubwami

1884 – 1916: Germany/Allemagne/Ubudagi

1916 – 61: Belgium/Belgique/Ububirigi

1961 – 62: Autonomy/Autonomie/Ukwigenga

1962 – 66: Kingdom/Royaume/Ubwami

1966 -: Republic/République/Republika

German Commander/Commandant allemand/Umukomanda w’Umudagi Prime ministers/Premiers ministres/Abapremiye ministre

1898 – 1902: Werner von Grawert

1961: Joseph Cimpaye

1902 – 04: Robert von Beringe

1961: Louis Rwagasore

1904 – 07: Werner von Grawert

1961 – 63: André Muhirwa

German Residents/Résidents allemands/Abaresidansi b’Abadagi

1963 – 64: Pierre Ngendandumwe

1907 – 08: Werner von Grawert

1964 – 65: Albin Nyamoya

1908 – 09: Heinrich Fonck

1965: Pierre Ngendandumwe

1909: Eberhard Gudowius

1965: Pié Masumbuko

1909: Erich von Langenn-Steinkeller

1965: Joseph Bamina

1909 – 10: Otto Brentzel

1965 – 66: Léopold Biha

1910 – 11: Wilhelm Göring

1966 – 72: Michel Micombero

1911 – 12: Kurt von Stegmann und Stein

1972 – 73: Albin Nyamoya

1911 – 16: Erich von Langenn-Steinkeller

1976 – 78: Édouard Nzambimana

Belgian Residents/Résidents belges/Abaresidansi b’Ababiligi

1978 – 87: Jean-Baptiste Bagaza

1916 – 18: Edouard van den Eede

1988 – 93: Adrien Sibomana

1919 – 28: Pierre Marie Joseph Ryckmans

1993 – 94: Sylvie Kinigi

1928 – 29: Oscar Defawe

1994 – 95: Anatole Kanyenkiko

1930: Charles de l'Epine

1995 – 96: Antoine Nduwayo

1930 – 33: Léon Borgers

1996 – 98: Pascal-Firmin Ndimira

1933 – 35: Oger Coubeau

2020 - 22: Alain Guillaume Bunyoni

1935 – 37: R. Hombart

1938 – 40: René Verstappen

1941 – 44: George Victor Sandrart

1944 – 53: Robert Schmidt

1953 – 56: Fernand Siroux

1956 – 59: Robert Scheyven

1959 – 61: Ivan Reisdorff

1961 – 62: Roberto Régnier

High Representatives/Hauts Représentants/Abahagarariye bakuru

1962: Edouard Henniquiau

Kings/Rois/Umwami

1852 – 1908: Mwezi IV Gisabo

1908 – 15: Mutaga IV Mbikije

1915 – 66: Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng

1966: Ntare V Ndizeye

Presidents/Présidents/Abaperezida

1966 – 76: Michel Micombero

1976 – 87: Jean-Baptiste Bagaza

1987 – 93: Pierre Buyoya

1993: Melchior Ndadaye

1993 – 94: Sylvie Kinigi

1994: Cyprien Ntaryamira

1994 – 96: Sylvestre Ntibantunganya

1996 – 2003: Pierre Buyoya

2003 – 05: Domitien Ndayizeye

2005 – 20: Pierre Nkurunziza

2020 -: Évariste Ndayishimiye

Comoros/Komori (comorian)/Comores (french)/القمر (al-Qumurī) (arabic)

s. VI – s. XI: Bantu/Bantous/بانتو (Bāntū)

s. XI – 1500: Arabs/Mwarabu/Arabe/ عربي (ʿArabī)

1500 – 1886: Sultanate/Usultani/Sultanat/سلطنة (Saltanat)

1886 – 1946: France/Faranzi/فرنسا (Faransā)

1946 – 61: Overseas Territory/Dzisiwa ya ntsi ya Faranzi/Territoire d’outre-mer/إقليم ما وراء البحار (Iqlīm mā warā’a al-biḥār)

1961 – 75: Autonomy/Uhuluka/Autonomie/حكم ذاتي (Ḥukm dhātī)

1975 – 78: State/Eta/État /دولة (Dawlat)

1978 – 2001: Federal Islamic Republic/Republiki Federali ya Kiislamu/République Fédérale Islamique/الجمهورية الاتحادية الإسلامية (al-Jumhūriyyah al-Ittiḥādiyyah al-Islāmiyyah)

2001 -: Union/Umoja/الاتحاد (al-Ittiḥād)

Governors/Waliwa/Gouverneurs/الولاة (al-Wulāt)

1900 – 02: Pierre Hubert Auguste Pascal بيير أوبير أوغوست باسكال

1902 – 05: Alfred Albert Martineau ألفريد ألبير مارتينو

1905 – 06: Jean Auguste Gaston Joliet جان أوغوست غاستون جولييه

1906 – 08: Fernand Foureau فرناند فورّو

Administrators/Adiministrateri/Administrateurs/المديرون (al-Idārīyūn)

1908 – 11: Charles Henri Vergnes شارل أنري فيرن

1911: Frédéric Estèbe فريديريك إستيب

1911 – 13: Gabriel Samuel Garnier-Mouton غابرييل صامويل غارنييه-موتون

1913 – 14: Honoré Cartron أونوريه كارترون

Administrators-superior/Adiministrateri wa ntsu/Administrateurs supérieurs/الإداريون السامون (al-Idārīyūn al-Sāmūn)

1946 – 48: Eugène Alain Charles Louis Alaniou ألان لويس شارل أوجين ألانيو

1948 – 50: Roger Marie Adolphe Emmanuel Rémy ماري إيمانويل أدولف روجر ريمي

1950 – 56: Pierre Léonard Alphonse Coudert بيير ليونار ألفونس كوديرت

1956 – 59: Georges Victor Maurice Arnaud جورج فيكتور موريس أرنو

1959 – 60: Georges Gabriel Joseph Savignac غابرييل جوزيف سافينياغ

1960 – 62: Louis Joseph Édouard Saget لويس جوزيف إدوار ساجيه

High Commissioners/Mfowazi wa ntsu/Haut-commissaires/المفوَّضون السامون (al-Mufawwaḍūn al-Sāmūn)

1962 – 63: Yves de Daruvar إيف دي داروفار

1963 – 66: Henri Joseph Marie Bernard هنري جوزيف ماري برنار

1966 – 69: Antoine Paduan Colombani أنطوان بادوان كولومباني

1969 - 75: Jacques Mouradian جاك موراديان

Presidents/Maraisi/Présidents/الرؤساء (al-Ru’asā’)

1975: Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane أحمد عبد الله عبد الرحمن

1975 – 76: Said Mohamed Jaffar سعيد محمد جعفر

1976 – 78: Ali Soilih Mtsashiwa علي صويلح

1978: Said Ahmed Athoumane سعيد التوماني

1978: Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane أحمد عبد الله عبد الرحمن,Mohamed Ahmed محمد أحمد

1978 – 89: Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane أحمد عبد الله عبد الرحمن

1989: Haribon Chebani هاريبون شيباني

1989 – 95: Said Mohamed Djohar سعيد محمد جوهر

1995: Ayouba Combo كومبو أيوبا

1995: Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim محمد تقي عبد الكريم , Said Ali Kemal علي كمال المسيلي

1995 – 96: Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed قابي اليشطرو محمد

1996: Said Mohamed Djohar سعيد محمد جوهر

1996 – 98: Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim محمد تقي عبد الكريم

1998 – 99: Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde تاج الدين بن سعيد مسوندي

1999 – 2002: Azali Assoumani غزالي عثماني

2002: Hamada Madi حمادة ماضي

2002 – 06: Azali Assoumani غزالي عثماني

2006 – 11: Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi أحمد عبدالله محمد سامبي

2011 – 16: Ikililou Dhoinine إكليل ظنين

2016 -: Azali Assoumani غزالي عثماني

Djibouti (french)/جيبوتي (Jībūtī) (arabic)/Jabuuti (somali)/Gabuutih (afar)

2500 a.c – 1285 d.c: Afar/العفر (al-‘Afar)Cafar/Qafár

1285 – 1415: Ifat/عفت (Awfāt)/Ifaat

1415 – 1577: Adal/عدل (ʿAdl)/Cadal/Aadal

1577 – 1882: Ottoman/ʿUthmānī/Cosmaniya/Cuthmaani

1882 – 1977: France/فرنسا (Faransā)/Faransiiska/Faransa

1977 -: Republic/République/ جمهورية (al- Jumhūrīyāt)/Jamhuuriyadda/Ummuuno

Governors/Gouverneurs/الولاة (al-Wulāt)

Vice presidents of the Government Council/Vice-présidents du Conseil de gouvernement/نوّاب رئيس مجلس الحكومة (Nuwwāb Ra’īs Majlis al-Ḥukūmah)/Ku-xigeennada Golaha Dowladda/Vice-Prezidaanten Geh Gacsa Rakubbah

1900: Gabriel Louis Angoulvant غابرييل لويس أنغولفان

1957 – 58: Mahamoud Harbi Farah محمود الحربي Maxamuud Xarbi Faarax/Maxamuud Xarbee Faarax

1900 – 04: Adrien Jules Jean Bonhoure ألفونس بونهور

1958 – 59: Hassan Gouled Aptidon حسن جوليد ابتيدون Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon/Hassan Guuleed Abtiidoon

1904: Albert Dubarry ألبرت دوباري xxx

1959 – 60: Ahmed Dini Ahmed أحمد ديني أحمد Acmad Diini Acmad/ Axmad Diini Axmad

1904 – 15: Pierre Hubert Auguste Pascal بيير أوبير أوغوست باسكال

1960 – 66: Ali Aref Bourhan علي عارف برهان Cali Aaref BurhaanAli Aref Buurhaan

1915 – 16: Paul Simoni بول سيموني xxx

1966 – 67: Abdallah Mohamed Kamil عبدالله محمد كامل Cabdullaahi Maxamed Kaamil/ Abdallaah Macammad Kaamil

1916 – 18: Victor Marie Fillon فيكتور ماري فيلون xxx

Presidents of the Government Council/Présidents du Conseil de gouvernement/رؤساء مجلس الحكومة (Ru’asā’ Majlis al-Ḥukūmah)/Madaxda Golaha Dowladda/Prezidaanten Geh Gacsa Rakubbah

1918 – 24: Jules Gérard Auguste Lauret جول لاوريه

1967 – 76: Ali Aref Bourhan علي عارف برهان Cali Aaref Burhaan/ Ali Aref Buurhaan

1924 – 32: Pierre Aimable Chapon-Baissac بيير-أمابل شابون-بايساك

1976 – 77: Abdallah Mohamed Kamil عبدالله محمد كامل Cabdullaahi Maxamed Kaamil/ Abdallaah Macammad Kaamil

1932 – 34: Louis Placide Blacher لويس بلاسيد بلاشر xxx

Prime ministers/Premiers ministres/رؤساء الوزراء (Ru’asā’ al-Wuzarā’)/Raysulwasaareyaal/Ministi Aggeenih

1934 – 35: Jules Marcel de Coppet جول مارسل دي كوبيه

1977: Hassan Gouled Aptidon حسن جوليد ابتيدون Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon/Hassan Guuleed Abtiidoon

1935: Achille Louis Auguste Silvestre أشيل لويس أوغوست سيلفيستر

1977 – 78: Ahmed Dini Ahmed أحمد ديني أحمد Acmad Diini Acmad/Axmad Diini Axmad

1935 – 37: Armand Léon Annet أرمان ليون أنيه

1977 – 78: Abdallah Mohamed Kamil عبدالله محمد كامل Cabdullaahi Maxamed Kaamil /Abdallaah Macammad Kaamil

1937 – 38: Marie François Julien Pierre-Alype فرانسوا بيير أليپ

1978: Abdallah Mohamed Kamil عبدالله محمد كامل Cabdullaahi Maxamed Kaamil /Abdallaah Macammad Kaamil

1938 – 40: Hubert Jules Deschamps هوبير جول ديشامب

1978 – 2001: Barkat Gourad Hamadou بركات غوراد حمادو Barakaat Guuraad Xamaadu/Barakaat Gurad Hamaadu

1940: Gaëtan Louis Elie Germain غايتان لويس إيلي جيرمان

2001 – 13: Dileita Mohamed Dileita ‎دليطة محمد دليطة Dileita Macammad DileitaDileita Macammad Dileita

1940 – 42: Pierre Marie Elie Louis Nouailhetas بيير نويلهتاس

2013 -: Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed عبد القادر كامل محمد Cabdiqadir Kaamil Maxamed/Qabdulkadir Kamil Macammad

1942: Edmond Gustave Dupont كريستيان ريموند دوبون

1942 – 43: Ange Marie Charles André Bayardelle أندريه بيارديل

1943 – 44: Michel Raphaël Antoine Saller ميشيل رافائيل سالير

1944 – 46: Jean Victor Louis Joseph Chalvet جان شالفه

1946 – 50: Paul Henri Siriex بول هنري سيريكس

1950 – 54: Numa François Henri Sadoul نوما فرانسوا هنري سادول

1954: Roland Joanes Louis Pré ولاند بري

1954 – 57: René Jean Albert Petitbon رينيه جان ألبرت بيتيبون

1957 – 58: Maurice Meker موريس ميكر

1958 – 62: Jacques Marie Julien Compain جاك ماري جوليان كومبان

1962 – 66: René Tirant رينيه تيران

1966 – 67: Louis Joseph Édouard Saget لويس ساجيه

High Commissioners/Hauts-commissaires/المفوَّضون السامون (al-Mufawwaḍūn al-Sāmūn)/Wakiillo Sare/Komishina Qad

1967 – 69: Louis Joseph Édouard Saget لويس ساجيه

1969 – 71: Dominique Ponchardier دومينيك بونشاردير

1971 – 74: Georges Thiercy جورج تيرسي

1974 – 76: Christian Dablanc كريستيان دابلانك

1976 – 77: Camille d'Ornano كامي دُورنانُو

Presidents/Présidents/الرؤساء (al-Ru’asā’)/Madaxweyneyaal/Prezidaanten

1977 – 99: Hassan Gouled Aptidon حسن جوليد ابتيدون Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon/Hassan Guuleed Abtiidoon

1999 -: Ismail Omar Guelleh إسماعيل عمر جيله Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle Ismaayil Cumar Guuleed

Eritrea/ኤርትራ (Eertra) (tigrinya)

2500 a.c – 900 a.c: Gash Group/ጋሽ ግሩፕ (Gāš Grup)

900 a.c – 400 a.c: Dʿmt (ድዕመት (Dʿǝmt)

400 a.c – s. X d.c: Aksum/ኣኽሱም (ʾAḫsum)

s. X – 1557: Medri Bahri/ምድሪ ባሕሪ

1557 – 1813: Ottoman/ኦቶማን

1813 – 26: Egypt/ግብጺ (Gibtsi)

1826 – 85: Ottoman/ኦቶማን

1885 – 1951: Italy/ኢጣልያ (Iṭālya)

1951 – 52: United Nations/ሕቡራት ሃገራት (Hibürat Hāgerat)

1952 – 93: Ethiopia/ኢትዮጵያ (Ityop'ya)

1993 -: State/ሃገረ (Hagere)

Governors/ጠባብ (T’ebab)

1897 – 1907: Ferdinando Martini ፈርዲናንዶ ማርቲኒ

1907 – 15: Giuseppe Salvago Raggi ጁሴፔ ሳልቫጎ ራጂ

1915 – 16: Giovanni Cherina Ferroni ጆቫኒ ቸሪና ፈሮኒ

1916 – 19: Giacomo De Martino ጃኮሞ ዴ ማርቲኖ

1919 – 20: Camillo De Camilli ካሚሎ ዴ ካሚሊ

1920 – 21: Ludovico Pollera ሉዶቪኮ ፖለራ

1921 – 23: Giovanni Cerina Ferroni ጆቫኒ ቸሪና ፈሮኒ

1923 – 28: Jacopo Gasparini ጃቾፖ ጛስፓሪኒ

1928 – 30: Corrado Zoli ያኮፖ ጋስፓሪኒ

1930 – 35: Riccardo Astuto dei Duchi di Lucchesi ሪካርዶ ኣስቱቶ ዲ ሉክቼዘ

1935: Ottone Gabeli ኦቶነ ጋቤሊ

1935: Emilio Giuseppe Gaspar de Bono ኤሚልዮ ዴ ቦኖ

1935 – 36: Pietro Badoglio ፒዬትሮ ባዶሊዮ

1936 – 37: Alfredo Guzzoni ኣልፍሬዶ ጉዞኒ

1937: Vincenzo De Feo ቪንቸንዞ ዴ ፈኦ

1937 – 40: Giuseppe Daodice ጁዘፔ ዳኦዲቼ

1940 – 41: Luigi Frusci ሉዊጂ ፉሩሺ

Administrators/ኣስተዳዳሪ (Astedadari)

1941 – 42: William Platt ዊልያም ፕላት

1942 – 44: Stephen Hemsley Longrigg ስቲቨን ሎንግሪግ

1944 – 45: C.D. McCarthy ሲ.ዲ. ማካርቲ

1945 – 46: John Meredith Benoy ጆን መሬደይት ቤኖይ

1946 – 51: Francis Greville Drew ፍራንሲስ ግሬቪል ድሩ

United Nations High Commissioner/ኣላት ተወላጅ ሓውየር ከፍተኛ ኮሚሽነር (Alat Tewelaj Hawyer Keftagna Komishner)

1951 – 52: Eduardo Anze Matienzo ኤዱያርዶ ኣንዘ ማቲንዞ

Chief Administrator/ኣለማምሲ ኣስተዳዳሪታት (Alemamsi Astedadariat)

1951 – 52: Duncan Camerone Cumming ዳንካን ካሜሮን ኩሚንግ

Chief Executives/ኣለማምሲ መራሒታት (Alemamsi Merahitat)

1952 – 55: Ato Tedla Bairu/ተድላ ባይሩ

1955 – 59: Asfaha Woldemikael/ኣስፋሃ ወልደሚካኤል

1959 – 62: Abiye Abebe ኣቢየ ኣበበ

Governors-general/ጠባብ ኣለማምሲ (T’ebab Alemamsi)

1962 – 64: Abiye Abebe ኣቢየ ኣበበ

1964 – 70: Ras Asrata-Medhin Kassa ራስ ኣስራተ መድሕን ካሳ

1970 – 74: Debebe Haile Maryam ደበበ ኃይለ ማርያም

1974 – 75: Ato Amanuel Amde Mikael ኣቶ ኣማኑኤል ኣመደ ሚካኤል

1975 – 77: Getachew Nadew ጌታቸው ናደው

1979 – 83: Dawit Wolde-Giorgis ዳዊት ወልደ ጊዮርጊስ

198. – 89: Afework Woldemikael ኣፈወርቅ ወለሚካኤል

1989 – 91: Tesfaye Gebre Kidan ተስፋዬ ገብረ ኪዳን

Secretary-general of the Provisional Government/ጀነራል ሰክሬተር ናይ ጊዜያዊ መንግስቲ (Jeneral Sekreter nay Gizēyawi Mengisti)

1991 – 93: Isaias Afewerki/ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ

Presidents/ሕዝቢ ፕሬዚደንት (Hzbi Prezidänt)

1993 -: Isaias Afewerki /ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ

Ethiopia/ኢትዮጵያ (Ītyōṗṗyā) (amharic)/Itoophiyaa (oromo)

3000 a.c – 400 a.c: Punt/ፑንት

400 a.c – 980 d.c: Aksum/አክሱም

980 – 1270: Kingdom/ መንግስት (Mengiste)/Mootummaa

1270 – 1936: Empire/መንግሥተ (Mängəśt)/Impaayera

1936 – 1941: Italy/ጣልያን (Talyan)/Xaaliyaan

1941 – 74: Empire/መንግሥተ (Mängəśt)/Impaayera

1974 – 87: Socialist Republic/ሶሻሊስት ሪፐብሊክ (Soshalist Ripblik)/Rippabliikii Soshaalistii

1987 – 91: People's Democratic Republic/የሕዝብ ዴሞክራቲክ ሪፐብሊክ (Ye-Hizb Demokratik Ripblik)/Rippabliikii Dimokraatawaa Ummataa

1991 – 95: State/መንግሥት (Mengist)/Biyyaa

1995 -: Federal Democratic Republic/ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīki)/Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa

Emperors/ንጉሦች (Nəgusoch)/Mootota Chief ministers/ጠቅላይ ሚኒስተሮች (Täklay Ministeroch)/Ministiroota Muummee

1889 – 1913: Menelik II ምኒልክ ዳግማዊ/Meeneeliiq II

1909 – 27: Habte Giyorgis Dinagde ሀብተጊዮርጊስ ዲነግዴ/Habtee Giyoorgiis Dinaagdee

1913 – 16: Iyasu ልጅ ኢያሱ/Iyaasuu

1927 – 36: Haile Selassie ኀይለ ሥላሴ ቀዳማዊ/Haayile Silaasee I

1916 – 30: Zewditu ዘውዲቱ/Zeewdiitu

1936 – 42: Wolde Tzaddick ወልደ ጻድቅ/Wolde Tsaaddik

1916 – 36: Haile Selassie ኀይለ ሥላሴ ቀዳማዊ/Haayile Silaasee I

Prime ministers/ጠቅላይ ሚኒስተሮች (Täklay Ministeroch)/Ministiroota

High Commissioners/ከፍተኛ ኮሚሽነሮች (Käftäñña Komishneroch)/Komishiinaroota Ol’aanaa

1942 – 57: Makonnen Endelkachew መኮንን እንዳልካቸው/Makonnen Endelkaachew

1935: Emilio Giuseppe Gaspar Giovanni de Bono ኤሚሊዮ ጁዘፔ ጋስፓር ጆቫኒ ዴ ቦኖ

1957 – 60: Abebe Aragai አበበ አረጋይ/Abebe Aregay

1935 – 36: Pietro Badoglio ፒዬትሮ ባዶግሊዮ

1961 – 74: Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold አክሊሉ ሀብተ-ወልድ

Governors-general/ጠቅላይ ጠባቦች (Täklay T’ebabotch)/Bulchtoota Ol’aanaa

1974: Endelkacaw Makonnen እንዳልካቸው መኮንን/Endelkaachew Makonnen

1936 – 37: Rodolfo Graziani ሮዶልፎ ግራዚያኒ

1974: Lij Mikael Imru ሊj ሚከel ሩ

1937 – 41: Amedeo di Savoia አመዶ ዲ ሳቮያ‑አስቶ

1987 – 89: Fikre Selassie Wogderess ሚካኤል እምሩ/Fikre Silaasee Wogderess

1941: Pietro Gazzera ፒዬትሮ ጋዜዜራ

1989 – 91: Hailu Yimenu ሃይሉ ይመኑ/Haayiluu Yimenuu

1941: Guglielmo Nasi ጉግልየሎ ናሲ

1991: Tesfaye Dinka ተስፋዬ ድንካ/Tesfaayee Dinkaa

Emperors/ንጉሦች (Nəgusoch)/Mootota

1991 – 95: Tamirat Layne ታምራት ላይኔ/Taamirat Layn

1941 – 74: Haile Selassie ኀይለ ሥላሴ ቀዳማዊ/Haayile Silaasee I

1995 – 2012: Meles Zenawi መለስ ዜናዊ አስረስ/Meeles Zeenaawii

1974 – 75: Asfa Wossen አስፋ ወሰን/Asfaa Wossen

2012 – 18: Hailemariam Desalegn ኃይለማሪያም ደሳለኝ/Hailemariyam Desalegn

Chairmen of the Provisional Military Administrative Council/የጊዜያዊ ወታደራዊ አስተዳደር ምክር ቤት ጠቅላይ ሹሞች (Ye-Gizēyawi Wetaderawi Astedadär Mikir Bet Täklay Shumoch/Koreewwan Bulchiinsa Waraanaa Yeroo

2018 -: Abiy Ahmed Ali አብይ አህመድ አሊ/Abiy Ahimad

1974 – 77: Tafari Benti ታፈሪ ቢንቲ Tafaarii Benti

1977 -87: Mengistu Haile Mariam መንግሥቱ ኃይለ ማርያም/Meengistu Haayilee Maariyam

Presidents/ፕሬዚደንቶች (Prezidäntoch)

1987 – 91: Mengistu Haile Mariam መንግሥቱ ኃይለ ማርያም/Meengistu Haayilee Maariyam

1991 – 95: Meles Zenawi መለስ ዜናዊ ኣስረስ/Meeles Zeenaawii

1995 – 2001: Negasso Gidada ነጋሶ ጊዳዳ/Negasoo Gidaadaa

2001 – 13: Girma Wolde-Giorgis Lucha ግርማ ወልደ ጊዮርጊስ/Girmaa Woldaa Giyoorgiis

2013 – 18: Mulatu Teshome Wirtu ሙላቱ ተሾመ ውርቱ /Mulaatuu Tashoome Wirtuu

2018 - 24: Sahle-Work Zewde ሳህለወርቅ ዘውዴ/Saahlee‑Worq Zewdee

Kenya (english/swahili)

1000 b.c – 1888 a.d: Bantu/Kibantu

1888 – 1963: British/Britania

1963 – 64: Commonwealth/Jumuiya

1964 -: Republic/Jamhuri

Commissioners/Mkamishna

1900 – 04: Charles Norton Eliot

1904: Frederick Jackson

1904 – 05: Donald William Stewart

1905: Frederick Jackson

Governors/Mavagavana

1905 – 09: James Hayes Sadler

1909: Charles Calvert Bowring

1909 – 12: Edouard Percy Cranwill Girouard

1912: Charles Calvert Bowring

1912 – 17: Henry Conway Belfield

1917 – 19: Charles Calvert Bowring

1919 – 22: Edward Northey

1922 – 25: Robert Thorne Coryndon

1925: Edward Denham

1925 – 30: Edward William Macleay Grigg

1930 – 31: Henry Monck-Mason Moore

1931 – 36: Joseph Aloysius Byrne

1936 – 37: Armigel de Vins Wade

1937 – 39: Robert Brooke-Popham

1939 – 40: Walter Harragin

1940 – 44: Henry Monck-Mason Moore

1944: Gilbert McCall Rennie

1944 – 52: Philip Euen Mitchell

1952: Henry S. Potter

1952 – 59: Evelyn Baring

1959: Walter Fleming Coutts

1959 – 62: Patrick Muir Renison

1962 – 63: Eric Griffith-Jones

Governor-general/Gavana Mkuu

1963 – 64: Malcolm John MacDonald

Presidents/Marais

1964 – 78: Jomo Kenyatta

1978 – 2002: Daniel Toroitich arap Moi

2002 – 13: Emilio Mwai Kibaki

2013 - 22: Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta aqui quede

Madagascar (french)/Madagasikara (malagasy)

s. IV – 1300: Bantu/Bantous/Banto

1300 – 1896: Kingdom/Royaume/Fanjakan

1896 – 1942: France/Frantsa

1942 – 46: British/Britannique/Britania

1946 – 58: Overseas Territory/Territoire d’outre-mer/Faritra ivelany

1958 – 60: Autonomy/Autonomie/Autonomia

1960 – 75: State/État/Fanjakan

1975 – 92: Democratic Republic/République démocratique/Repoblika Demôkratikan

1992 -: Republic/République/Repoblika

Governors-general/Gouverneurs généraux/Governora Jeneralin’i Prime ministers/Premiers ministres/Praiminisitra

1897 – 1905: Joseph Simon Galliéni

1957 – 72: Philibert Tsiranana

1905 – 06: Charles Louis Lépreux

1972 – 75: Gabriel Ramanantsoa

1906 – 09: Victor Augagneur

1976: Joel Rakotomalala

1909 – 10: Hubert Auguste Garbit

1976 – 77: Justin Rakotoniaina

1910: Henri François Charles Cor

1977 – 88: Désiré Rakotoarijaona

1910 – 14: Albert Jean George Marie Louis Picquié

1988 – 91: Victor Ramahatra

1914 – 17: Hubert Auguste Garbit

1991 – 93: Guy Razanamasy

1917 – 18: Martial Henri Merlin

1993 – 95: Francisque Ravony

1918 – 19: Abraham Schrameck

1995 – 96: Emmanuel Rakotovahiny

1919 – 20: Marie Casimir Joseph Guyon

1996 – 97: Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana

1920 – 23: Hubert Auguste Garbit

1997 – 98: Pascal Rakotomavo

1923 – 24: Auguste Charles Désiré Emmanuel Brunet

1998 – 2002: Tantely Andrianarivo

1924 - 29: Marcel Achille Olivier

2002 – 07: Jacques Sylla

1929 – 30: Hugues Jean Berthier

2007 – 09: Charles Rabemananjara

1930 – 39: Léon Henri Charles Cayla

2009: Monja Roindefo

1939: Léon Maurice Valentin Réallon

2009: Eugène Régis Mangalaza

1939 – 40: Jules Marcel de Coppet

2009: Cécile Manorohanta

1940 – 41: Léon Henri Charles Cayla

2009 – 11: Albert Camille Vital

1941 – 42: Armand Léon Annet

2011 – 14: Omer Beriziky

1942 – 43: Victor Marius Bech

2014 – 15: Roger Kolo

1943: Paul Louis Victor Marie Legentilhomme

2015 – 16: Jean Ravelonarivo

1943 – 46: Pierre de Saint-Mart

2016 – 18: Solonandrasana Olivier Mahafaly

1946: Robert Boudry

2018 - 25: Christian Louis Ntsay

High Commissioners/Haut-commissaires/Komisera Lehibe

1946 – 48: Jules Marcel de Coppet

1948 – 50: Pierre Gabriel de Chevigné

1950 – 53: Robert Isaac Bargues

1953 – 59: Jean Louis Marie André Soucadaux

Presidents/Présidents/Filoham-pirenena

1959 – 72: Philibert Tsiranana

1972 – 75: Gabriel Ramanantsoa

1975: Richard Ratsimandrava

1975: Gilles Andriamahazo

1975 – 93: Didier Ratsiraka

1993 – 96: Albert Zafy

1996 – 97: Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana

1997 – 2002: Didier Ratsiraka

2002 – 09: Marc Ravalomanana

President of the Military Directory/Président du directoire militaire/Filohan’ny Tale-miaramila

2009: Hyppolite Raharison Ramaroson

President of the High Transitional Authority/Président de la Haute Autorité transitoire/Filohan’ny Vaomieran’ny Firenena Mandalo Ambony

2009 – 14: Andry Rajoelina

Presidents/Présidents/Filoham-pirenena

2014 – 18: Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina

2018 – 19: Rivo Rakotovao

2019- 23: Andry Rajoelina