Guyana (english)

                                                            35000 a.c – 1616 d.c: Arawak

 

                                                             1616 – 1781: Dutch

 

                                                            1781 – 82: British

 

                                                             1782 – 84: France

 

                                                             1784 – 96: Dutch

 

                                                              1796 – 1802: British

 

                                                             1802 – 03: Dutch

 

                                                            1803 – 1966: British

 

                                                            1966 – 70: State

 

                                                             1970 – 80: Republic

 

                                                              1980 -: Cooperative Republic

 

Governors                                                                                                                                               Premier

                                                            1898 – 1901: Walter Joseph Sendall

                                                             1961 – 64: Cheddi Jagan

                                                             1901 – 04: James Alexander Swettenham

                                                             1964 – 66: Forbes Burnham 

                                                             1904 – 12: Frederick Mitchell Hodgson

Prime Ministers

                                                             1912 – 17: Walter Egerton

                                                            1966 – 80: Forbes Burnham 

                                                            1917 – 23: Wilfred Collet

                                                            1980 – 84: Ptolemy Reid

                                                            1923 – 25: Graeme Thomson

                                                            1984 – 85: Desmond Hoyte 

                                                            1925 – 28: Cecil Hunter-Rodwell

                                                           1985 – 92: Hamilton Green

                                                             1928 – 30: Frederick Gordon Guggisberg

                                                             1992 – 97: Samuel Hinds

                                                             1930 – 35: Edward Brandis Denham

                                                             1997: Janet Jagan

                                                             1935 – 36: Geoffry Northcote

                                                            1997 – 99: Samuel Hinds

                                                            1937 – 41: Wilfrid Edward Francis Jackson

                                                             1999: Bharrat Jagdeo

                                                           1941 – 46: Gordon James Lethem

                                                             1999 – 2015: Samuel Hinds

                                                             1946 – 53: Charles Campbell Woolley

                                                             2015 – 20: Moses Veerasammy Nagamootoo

                                                            1953 – 55: Alfred William Lungley Savage

                                                              2020 -: Mark Phillips

                                                           1955 – 58: Patrick Muir Renison

 

                                                             1958 – 64: Ralph Francis Alnwick Grey

 

                                                            1964 – 66: Richard Edmonds Luyt

 

Governors-General

 

                                                            1966 – 69: David James Gardiner Rose

 

                                                             1969 – 70: Edward Victor Luckhoo

 

Presidents

 

                                                            1970 – 80: Arthur Chung 

 

                                                           1980 – 85: Forbes Burnham 

 

                                                             1985 – 92: Desmond Hoyte

 

                                                           1992 – 97: Cheddi Jagan

 

                                                            1997: Samuel Hinds

 

                                                             1997 – 99: Janet Jagan

 

                                                              1999 – 2011: Bharrat Jagdeo

 

                                                             2011 – 15: Donald Ramotar

 

                                                            2015 – 20:David Arthur Granger

 

                                                             2020 -: Mohamed Irfaan Ali

 

Paraguay (spanish)/Paraguái (guarani)

                                                            6000 a.c – 1535 d.c: Indigenous/Indígenas/Te'ÿi

 

                                                            1535 – 1813: Spain/España/Epaña

 

                                                             1813 – 69: Republic/República/Tetä

 

                                                            1869 – 76: Argentina/Arhentínare

 

                                                            1876 -: Republic/República/Tetä

 

Presidents/Presidentes/Mburuvicha

                                                            1898 – 1902: Emilio Aceval

 

                                                             1902: Andrés Héctor Carvallo

 

                                                            1902 – 04: Juan Antonio Escurra

 

                                                            1904 – 05: Juan Bautista Gaona

 

                                                            1905 – 06: Cecilio Báez

 

                                                           1906 – 08: Benigno Ferreira

 

                                                            1908 – 10: Emiliano González Navero

 

                                                             1910 – 11: Manuel Gondra

 

                                                             1911: Albino Jara

 

                                                             1911 – 12: Liberato Marcial Rojas

 

                                                            1912: Pedro Pablo Peña

 

                                                             1912: Emiliano González Navero

 

                                                             1912 – 16: Eduardo Schaerer

 

                                                            1916 – 19: Manuel Franco

 

                                                            1919 – 20: José Pedro Montero

 

                                                            1920 – 21: Manuel Gondra

 

                                                            1921 – 23: Eusebio Ayala

 

                                                            1923 – 24: Eligio Ayala

 

                                                             1924: Luis Alberto Riart

 

                                                             1924 – 28: Eligio Ayala

 

                                                             1928 – 32: José Patricio Guggiari

 

                                                             1932 – 36: Eusebio Ayala

 

                                                            1936: Federico Wenman Smith

 

                                                            1936 – 37: Rafael Franco

 

                                                              1937 – 39: Félix Paiva

 

                                                             1939 – 40: José Félix Estigarribia

 

                                                             1940: Alejandro Marín Iglesias

 

                                                             1940 – 48: Higinio Morínigo

 

                                                            1948: Juan Manuel Frutos

 

                                                             1948 – 49: Juan Natalicio González

 

                                                            1949: Raimundo Rolón

 

                                                             1949: Felipe Molas López

 

                                                             1949 – 54: Federico Chaves

 

                                                             1954: Tomás Romero Pereira

 

                                                             1954 – 89: Alfredo Stroessner

 

                                                            1989 – 93: Andrés Rodríguez

 

                                                            1993 – 98: Juan Carlos Wasmosy

 

                                                            1998 – 99: Raúl Cubas

 

                                                             1999 – 2003: Luis Ángel González Macchi

 

                                                            2003 – 08: Nicanor Duarte Frutos

 

                                                              2008 – 12: Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez

 

                                                             2012 – 13: Luis Federico Franco Gómez

 

                                                            2013 – 18: Horacio Manuel Cartes Jara

 

                                                             2018 -: Mario Abdo Benítez

 

Peru (spanish)/Piruw (quechua/aymara)

                                                    s. XIII a.c  - 1200 a.c: Indigenous/Indígenas/Ayllu Runa

 

                                                            1200 a.c – 200 a.c: Chavin

 

                                                             200 a.c- 700 d.c: Mochica/Muchi

 

                                                             700 – 1200: Tiahuanaco/Tiwanaku

 

                                                            1200 – 1533: Inca/Inka

 

                                                            1533 – 1821: Spain/España/Ispaña

 

                                                              1821 – 22: State/Estado/Mamallaqta/Suyu

 

                                                             1822 – 36: Republic/República/Ripuwlika/Suyu

 

                                                      1836 – 39: Confederation/Confederación/Tantanakuy

 

                                                              1839 – 81: Republic/República/Ripuwlika/Suyu

 

                                                             1881 – 83: Chile/Chili

 

                                                             1883 – 1980: State/Estado/Mamallaqta/Suyu

 

                                                            1980 -: Republic/República/Ripuwlika/Suyu

 

Presidents/Presidentes/Umalliq                                                                                                        Prime Minister/Primeros Ministros/Uma Kamayuq

                                                           1899 – 1903: Eduardo López de Romaña y Albizuri

                                                              1900: Enrique Coronel Zegarra y Cortés

                                                            1903 – 04: Manuel González de Candamo Iriarte

                                                             1900 – 01: Domingo M. Almenara Butler

                                                            1904: Serapio Calderón

                                                            1901 – 02: Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes

                                                             1904 – 08: José Pardo y Barreda

                                                            1902: Cesáreo Octavio Deustua Escarza

                                                            1908 – 12: Augusto B. Leguía

                                                            1902 – 03: Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue

                                                            1912 – 14: Guillermo E. Billinghurst

                                                            1903 – 04: José Pardo y Barreda

                                                             1914 – 15: Óscar Raymundo Benavides

                                                            1904: Alberto Elmore Fernández

                                                            1915 – 19: José Pardo y Barreda

                                                            1904 – 07: Augusto B. Leguía

                                                            1919 – 30: Augusto B. Leguía

                                                            1907: Agustín Tovar

                                                           1930: Manuel María Ponce Brousset

                                                             1907 – 08: Carlos A. Washburn Salas

                                                             1930 – 31: Luis M. Sánchez Cerro

                                                             1908 – 09: Eulogio Romero Salcedo

                                                            1931: Mariano Holguín Maldonado

                                                             1909 – 10: Rafael Fernández

                                                            1931: Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias 

                                                             1910: Javier Prado y Ugarteche

                                                             1931: Gustavo A. Jiménez

                                                             1910: Germán Schreiber Waddington

                                                            1931: David Samanez Ocampo

                                                           1910: José Salvador Cavero

                                                             1931 – 33: Luis M. Sánchez Cerro

                                                            1910 – 11: Enrique C. Basadre Stevenson

                                                            1933 – 39: Óscar Raymundo Benavides

                                                             1911 – 12: Agustín G. Ganoza Cavero

                                                            1939 – 45: Manuel Prado y Ugarteche

                                                             1912: Elías Malpartida

                                                             1945 – 48: José Luis Bustamante

                                                             1912 – 13: Enrique Varela

                                                             1948 – 50: Manuel A. Odría

                                                              1913: Federico Luna y Peralta

                                                            1950: Zenón Noriega Agüero

                                                             1913: Aurelio Sousa Matute 

                                                             1950 – 56: Manuel A. Odría

                                                           1913 – 14: Enrique Varela

                                                            1956 – 62: Manuel Prado y Ugarteche

                                                            1914: Pedro E. Muñiz

                                         1962: Ricardo Pío Pérez Godoy,Nicolás Lindley López

                                                            1914 : Manuel Melitón Carvajal

                                                             1962 – 63: Ricardo Pío Pérez Godoy

                                                            1914 : Aurelio Sousa Matute

                                                            1963: Nicolás Lindley López

                                                             1914  - 15 : Germán Schreiber Waddington

                                                            1963 – 68: Fernando Belaúnde Terry

                                                             1915: Carlos Isaac Abrill

                                                 1968: Juan Velasco Alvarado, Mario Castro de Mendoza

                                                             1915 – 17: Enrique de la Riva-Agüero

                                                            1968: Ernesto Montagne Sánchez

                                                            1917 – 18: Francisco Tudela y Varela

                                                             1968 – 75: Juan Velasco Alvarado

                                                             1918 – 19: Germán Arenas y Loayza

                                                             1975: César Podestá Jiménez

                                                            1919: Juan Manuel Zuloaga

                                                             1975 – 80: Francisco Morales Bermúdez

                                                             1919 – 22: Germán Leguía y Martinez

                                                            1980 – 85: Fernando Belaúnde Terry

                                                             1922 – 24: Julio Enrique Ego Aguirre

                                                            1985 – 90: Alan García

                                                                1924 – 26: Alejandrino Maguiña

                                                             1990 – 2000: Alberto Fujimori 

                                                             1926 – 29: Pedro José Rada y Gamio

                                                            2000 – 01: Valentín Paniagua

                                                            1929 – 30: Benjamín Huamán de Heros

                                                            2001 – 06: Alejandro Toledo

                                                             1930: Fernando Sarmiento

                                                              2006 – 11: Alan García

                                                             1931 – 32: Germán Arenas y Loayza

                                                             2011 – 16: Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso

                                                             1932: Francisco R. Lanatta

                                                              2016 – 18: Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard

                                                             1932: Luis A. Flores

                                                              2018 -: Martín Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo

                                                             1932: Ricardo Rivadeneira

                                                              2020: Manuel Arturo Merino de Lama

                                                           1932 – 33: José Matías Manzanilla

                                                               2020 -: Francisco Rafael Sagasti

                                                            1933: Jorge Prado y Ugarteche

 

                                                              1933 – 34: José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma

 

                                                            1934 – 35: Carlos Arenas y Loayza

 

                                                            1935 – 36: Manuel Esteban Rodríguez

 

                                                            1936 – 39: Ernesto Montagne Markholz

 

                                                             1939: Alberto Rey de Castro y Romaña

 

                                                            1939 – 44: Alfredo Solf y Muro

 

                                                            1944 – 45: Manuel Cisneros Sánchez

 

                                                             1945 – 46: Rafael Belaúnde Diez Canseco

 

                                                             1946 – 47: Julio Ernesto Portugal

 

                                                              1947: José Alcamora

 

                                                            1948: Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat

 

                                                            1948: Armando Revoredo Iglesias

 

                                                             1948 – 50: Manuel A. Odría

 

                                                            1950 – 54: Zenón Noriega Agüero

 

                                                             1954 – 56: Roque Augusto Saldías

 

                                                              1956 – 58: Manuel Cisneros Sánchez

 

                                                             1958 – 59: Luis Gallo Porras

 

                                                             1959 – 61: Pedro Gerardo Beltrán

 

                                                              1961 – 62: Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán

 

                                                            1962 – 63: Nicolás Lindley López

 

                                                           1963: Julio Óscar Trelles Montes

 

                                                            1963 – 65: Fernando Schwalb López

 

                                                             1965 – 67: Daniel Becerra de la Flor

 

                                                             1967: Edgardo Seoane Corrales