Japan/日本 (Nippon) (japanese)

                                                             660 a.c – 1392 d.c: Land/土地 (Tochi)

 

                                                             1392 – 1945: Empire/帝国 (Teikoku)

 

                                                   1945 – 52: USA/アメリカ合衆国 (Amerikagasshukoku)

 

                                                              1952 -: Empire/帝国 (Teikoku)

 

Emperors/天皇 (Ten'nō)                                                                                                                        Prime Ministers/首相 (Shushō)

                                                             1867 - 1912: Mutsuhito睦仁

                                                            1900 – 01: Hirobumi Ito 伊藤 博文

                                                            1912 – 26: Yoshihito 嘉仁

                                                             1901 – 06: Taro Katsura 桂 太郎

                                                             1926 – 45: Hirohito 裕仁

                                                             1906 – 08: Kimmochi Saionji西園寺 公望

United States Commanders/アメリカ合衆国司令官(Amerika gasshuukoku shireikan)

                                                             1908 – 11: Taro Katsura 桂 太郎

                                                1945 – 51: Douglas MacArthur ダグラス・マッカーサー

                                                             1911 – 12: Kimmochi Saionji西園寺 公望

                                      1951 – 52: Matthew Bunker Ridgway マシュー・リッジウェイ

                                                              1912 – 13: Taro Katsura 桂 太郎

Emperors/天皇 (Tennō)

                                                             1913 – 14: Gonnohyoe Yamamoto山本権兵衛

                                                             1952 – 89: Hirohito 裕仁

                                                            1914 – 16: Shigenobu Okuma 大隈 重信

                                                            1989 – 2019: Akihito 明仁

                                                             1916 – 18: Masatake Terauchi 寺内 正毅

                                                              2019 -: Naruhito 徳仁

                                                             1918 – 21: Takashi Hara 原敬

 

                                                             1921 – 22: Korekiyo Takahashi 高橋是清

 

                                                            1922 – 23: Tomosaburo Kato加藤友三郎

 

                                                             1923: Yasuya Uchida 内田 康哉

 

                                                            1923 – 24: Gonnohyoe Yamamoto 山本権兵衛

 

                                                            1924: Keigo Kiyoura 清浦 奎吾

 

                                                             1924 – 26: Takaaki Kato加藤 高明

 

                                                             1926 – 27: Reijiro Wakatsuki 若槻 禮次郎

 

                                                             1927 – 29: Giichi Tanaka田中 義一

 

                                                             1929 – 31: Osachi Hamaguchi濱口 雄幸

 

                                                             1931: Reijiro Wakatsuki若槻 禮次郎

 

                                                             1931 – 32: Tsuyoshi Inukai犬養 毅

 

                                                             1932: Korekiyo Takahashi高橋 是清

 

                                                             1932 – 34: Makoto Saito 齋藤 實

 

                                                             1934 – 36: Keisuke Okada岡田 啓介

 

                                                             1936 – 37: Koki Hirota 廣田 弘毅

 

                                                             1937: Senjuro Hayashi 林 銑十郎

 

                                                             1937 – 39: Fumimaro Konoe 近衞 文麿

 

                                                             1939: Kiichiro Hiranuma平沼 騏一郎

 

                                                            1939 – 40: Nobuyuki Abe阿部 信行

 

                                                            1940: Mitsumasa Yonai米内 光政

 

                                                             1940 – 41: Fumimaro Konoe近衞 文麿

 

                                                             1941 – 44: Hideki Tojo東條 英機

 

                                                             1944 – 45: Kuniaki Koiso小磯 國昭

 

                                                             1945: Kantaro Suzuki 鈴木 貫太郎

 

                                                             1945: Naruhiko Higashikuni 東久邇宮稔彦王

 

                                                              1945 – 46: Kijuro Shidehara 幣原 喜重郎

 

                                                             1946 – 47: Shigeru Yoshida吉田 茂

 

                                                             1947 – 48: Tetsu Katayama 片山 哲

 

                                                             1948: Hitoshi Ashida 芦田 均

 

                                                            1948 – 54: Shigeru Yoshida吉田 茂

 

                                                             1954 – 56: Ichiro Hatoyama 鳩山 一郎

 

                                                             1956 – 57: Tanzan Ishibashi 石橋 湛山

 

                                                             1957 – 60: Nobusuke Kishi 岸 信介

 

                                                            1960 – 64: Hayato Ikeda 池田 勇人

 

                                                             1964 – 72: Eisaku Sato 佐藤 榮作

 

                                                             1972 – 74: Kakuei Tanaka 田中 角榮

 

                                                             1974 – 76: Takeo Miki 三木 武夫

 

                                                            1976 – 78: Takeo Fukuda 福田 赳夫

 

                                                             1978 – 80: Masayoshi Ohira 大平 正芳

 

                                                            1980: Masayoshi Ito 伊東 正義

 

                                                             1980 – 82: Zenko Suzuki 鈴木 善幸

 

                                                             1982 – 87: Yasuhiro Nakasone 中曾根 康弘

 

                                                            1987 – 89: Noboru Takeshita 竹下 登

 

                                                             1989: Sosuke Uno 宇野 宗佑

 

                                                             1989 – 91: Toshiki Kaifu 海部 俊樹

 

                                                             1991 – 93: Kiichi Miyazawa 宮澤 喜

 

                                                            1993 – 94: Morihiro Hosokawa 細川 護熙

 

                                                              1994: Tsutomu Hata 羽田 孜

 

                                                             1994 – 96: Tomiichi Murayama 村山 富市

 

                                                             1996 – 98: Ryutaro Hashimoto 橋本 龍太郎

 

                                                             1998 – 2000: Keizo Obuchi 小渕 恵三

 

                                                             2000 – 01: Yoshiro Mori 森 喜朗

 

                                                             2001 – 06: Junichiro Koizumi 小泉 純一郎

 

                                                             2006 – 07: Shinzo Abe 安倍 晋三

 

                                                             2007 – 08: Yasuo Fukuda 福田 康夫

 

                                                            2008 – 09: Taro Aso 麻生 太郎

 

                                                              2009 – 10: Yukio Hatoyama 鳩山 由紀夫

 

                                                              2010 – 11: Naoto Kan菅 直人

 

                                                             2011 – 12: Yoshihiko Noda野田 佳彦

 

                                                              2012 – 20: Shinzo Abe 安倍 晋三

 

                                                             2020 - 21: Yoshihide Suga 菅 義偉

Kazakhstan /Қазақстан (Qazaqstan) (kazakh)/ Казахстан (Kazakhstán) (russian)

                                                        s. V a.c – 125 a.c: Saka/Сақтар (Saqtar)/Саки (Saki)

 

                                125 a.c – s. I a.c: Kangju/Қаңлылар (Qañlılar)/ Кангюй (Kangyuy)

 

                                s. I a.c – 91 d.c: Scythians/Скифтер (Skïfter)/Скифы (Skify)

 

                                                              91 – 469: Huns/Ғұндар (Ğundar)/Гунны (Gunny)

 

                               469 – 1218: Khaganates/Қағанаттар (Qağanattar)/Каганаты (Kaganaty)

 

                         1218 -1368: Mongol/Моңғол (Moñğol)/Монго́л (Mongol)

 

1368 – 1467: Golden Horde/Алтын Орда (Altın Orda)/Золотая Орда (Zolotaya Orda)

 

                                    1467 – 1847: Khanate/Хандық (Xandıq)/Хандық (Khandyk)

 

                                                    1847 – 1925: Russia/Ресей (Resey)/Росси́я (Rossíya)

 

1925 – 36: Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic/Автономиялы Социалистік Кеңестік Республикасы (Avtonomïyalı Socïalïstik Keñestik Respwblïkası)/Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика (Avtonomnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika)

 

1936 – 91: Soviet Socialist Republic/Советтік Социалистік Республикасы  (Sovettik Socïalïstik Respublikasy)/Советская Социалистическая Республика (Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)

 

                   1991 -: Republic/Республикасы (Respublikasy)/Республика (Respublika)

 

Chairman of the All-Kirghiz People's Council/Бүкілқырғыз халық кеңесінің төрағасы (Bükilqırğız xalıq keñesiniñ törağası)/Председатель Всекиргизского Народного Совета (Predsedatel' Vsekirgizskogo Narodnogo Soveta)

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars/Халық Комиссарлары Кеңесінің төрағалары (Xalıq Komïssarları Keñesiniñ törağaları)/Председатели Совета Народных Комиссаров (Predsedateli Soveta Narodnykh Komissarov)

1917 – 18: Alikhan Nurmukhamedovich Bukeykhanov Әлихан Нұрмұхамедұлы Бөкейханов Алихан Нурмухамедович Букейханов

1920 – 21: Viktor Alekseyevich Radus-Zenkovich Виктор Алексеевич Радус-Зенькович

Extraordinary Soviet Commissar/Төтенше Кеңес Комиссары (Tötenşe Keñes Komïssarı)/Чрезвычайный советский комиссар (Chrezvychaynyy sovetskiy komissar)

                   1921 – 22: Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev Мұхамедхафи МырзағалиевМухамедхафий Мурзагалиев

1918 – 19: Alibey Togzhanovich Dzhangildin Әліби Тоғжанұлы Жәңгілдин Алиби Тогжанович Джангильдин

                                                             1922 – 24: Saken Seyfollayevich Seyfullin Сәкен (Сәдуақас) Сейфоллаұлы Сейфуллин Сакен Сейфоллаевич Сейфуллин

Kazakhstan SSR/ Қазақ КСР /Qazaq QSR

           1924 – 28: Nygmet Nurmakovich Nurmakov Нығмет Нұрмақұлы Нұрмақов Ныгмет Нурмакович Нурмаков

Secretaries of the Kirghiz Regional Bureau of the Central Committee
of the Russian Communist Party/Орталық Орталық Комитетінің Қырғыз облыстық бюросының хатшылары (Ortalıq Ortalıq Komïtetiniñ Qırğız oblıstıq byurosınıñ xatşıları)/Секретари Киргизского областного бюро Центрального комитета Коммунистической партии(Sekretari Kirgizskogo oblastnogo byuro Tsentral'nogo komiteta Kommunisticheskoy partii)

                                    1928 – 37: Uraz Dzaizakovich Isayev Ораз Жанұзақұлы Исаев Ураз Джанзакови́ч Иса́ев

1919 – 21: Stanislav Stanislavovich Pestkovsky Станислав Станиславович Пестковский

                         1937 – 38: Ibragim Tausiyevich Tazhiyev Ибрагим Таусиұлы Тәжиев Ибрагим Тажиевич Тажиев

                                   1920 – 21: Ivan Alekseyevich Akulov Иван Алексеевич Акулов

   1938 – 46: Nurtas Dandybayevich Undasynov Нұртас Дандыбайұлы Ундасынов Нуртас Дандибаевич (Нурмухаммед Дандыбаевич) Ондасынов 

                     1921: Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev Мұхаммед-Хафий Мырзағалиев Мухамедхафий Мурзагалиев

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers/Министрлер Кеңесінің төрағалары (Mïnïstrler Keñesiniñ törağaları) / Председатели Совета Министров (Predsedateli Soveta Ministrov)

          1921: Mariya Mikhaylovna Kostelovskaya Мария Михайловна Костеловская

   1946 – 54: Nurtas Dandybayevich Undasynov Нұртас Дандыбайұлы Ундасынов Нуртас Дандибаевич (Нурмухаммед Дандыбаевич) Ондасынов 

      1921 – 24: Georgy Alekseyevich Korostelyev Георгий Алексеевич Коростельев 

                        1954 – 55: Elubay Bazimovich Taibekov Елубай Бәзімұлы Тайбеков Елуба́й Бази́мович Тайбе́ков

Secretaries of the Kazakh Regional Committee/Қазақ өлкелік компартиясының хатшылары (Qazaq ölkelik kompartïyasınıñ xatşıları)/Секретари Казахского обкома Центрального комитета Коммунистической партии (Sekretari Kazakhskogo obkoma Tsentral'nogo komiteta Kommunisticheskoy partii)

 1955 – 60: Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev Дінмұхаммед Ахметұлы Қонаев Динмухаме́д Ахме́дович (Минлиахмедович) Куна́е

                    1924 – 25: Viktor Ivanovich Naneyshvili Виктор Иванович Нанейшвили

            1960 – 61: Zhumabek Akhmetovich Tashenev Жұмабек Ахметұлы Тәшенев Жумабек Ахметович Ташенов

                      1925 – 33: Filipp Isayevich Goloshchekin Фили́пп Иса́евич Голощёкин

                   1961 – 62: Salken Daulenovich Daulenov Сәлкен Дәуленұлы ДәуленовСалькен Дауленович Дауленов 

                                    1933 – 36: Levon Isayevich Mirzoyan Лево́н Иса́евич Мирзоя́н

                   1962: Masymkhan Beysembayevich Beysembayev Мәсімхан Бейсебайұлы БейсебаевМасымхан Бейсембайұлы Бейсембаев

First Secretaries of the Communist Party/Компартия Орталық Комитетінің бірінші хатшылары (Kompartïya Ortalıq Komïtetiniñ birinşi xatşıları)/Первые секретари Центрального Комитета Коммунистической партии (Pervyye sekretari Tsentral'nogo Komiteta Kommunisticheskoy partii)

  1962 – 64: Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev Дінмұхаммед Ахметұлы Қонаев Динмухаме́д Ахме́дович (Минлиахмедович) Куна́е

                                   1936 – 38: Levon Isayevich Mirzoyan Лево́н Иса́евич Мирзоя́н

1964 – 70: Masymkhan Beysembayevich Beysembayev Мәсімхан Бейсебайұлы БейсебаевМасымхан Бейсембайұлы Бейсембаев

  1938 – 45: Nikolay Aleksandrovich Skvortsov Николай Александрович Скворцов

                             1970 – 84: Bayken Ashimovich Ashimov Бәйкен Әшімұлы Әшімов

1946 – 54: Zhumabay Shayakhmetovich Shayakhmetov Жұмабай Шаяхметұлы Шаяхметов Жумаба́й Шаяхме́тович Шаяхме́тов

         1984 – 89: Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev Нұрсұлтан Әбiшұлы Назарбаев Нурсулта́н Аби́шевич Назарба́ев

1954 – 55: Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko Пантелеймо́н Кондра́тьевич Пономаре́нко

 1989 – 90: Uzakbay Karamanovich Karamanov Ұзақбай Қараманұлы Қараманов Узакбай Караманович Карамано

                                             1955 – 56: Leonid Ilich Brezhnev Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев 

Prime ministers/Премьер-министрлер (Premer-mïnïstrler)/Премьер-министры (Prem'yer-ministry)

                              1956 – 57: Ivan Dmitriyevich Yakovlev Иван Дмитриевич Яковлев

  1990 – 91: Uzakbay Karamanovich Karamanov Ұзақбай Қараманұлы Қараманов Узакбай Караманович Карамано

                                              1957 – 60: Nikolay Ilich Belyayev Никола́й Ильи́ч Беля́ев

1991 – 94: Sergey Aleksandrovich Tereshchenko Сергей Александрович Терещенко

1960 – 62: Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev Дінмұхаммед Ахметұлы Қонаев Динмухаме́д Ахме́дович (Минлиахмедович) Куна́е

1994 – 97: Akezhan Magzhanovich Kazhegeldin  Әкежан Мағжанұлы Қажыгелдин Акежан Магжанович Кажыгельдин

                             1962 – 64: Ismail Yusupovich Yusupov Ысмайыл Әбдірасулұлы Юсупов Исмаил Абдурасулович Юсу́пов 

          1997 – 99: Nurlan Utebuluyevich Balgimbayev Нұрлан Өтепұлы Балғымбаев Нурлан Отепович Балгымбаев

1964 – 86: Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev Дінмұхаммед Ахметұлы Қонаев Динмухаме́д Ахме́дович (Минлиахмедович) Куна́е

1999 – 2002: Kasym-Zhomart Kemelevich Tokayev Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев Касым-Жомарт Кемелевич Токаев

                       1986 – 89: Gennady Vasilyevich Kolbin Геннадий Васильевич Колбин

2002 – 03: Imangali Nurgaliyevich Tasmagambetov Иманғали Нұрғалиұлы Тасмағамбетов Имангали Нургалиевич Тасмагамбетов

         1989 – 91: Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev Нұрсұлтан Әбiшұлы Назарбаев Нурсулта́н Аби́шевич Назарба́ев

          2003 – 07: Danial Kenzhetayevich Akhmetov Даниал Кенжетайұлы АхметовДаниал Кенжетаевич Ахметов 

Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee/Революциялық комитеттің төрағалары (Revolyucïyalıq komïtettiñ törağaları )/Председатели Революционного Комитета (Predsedateli Revolyutsionnogo Komiteta)

          2007 – 12: Karim Kazhymkanovich Masimov Кәрім Қажымқанұлы МәсімовКарим Кажимканович Maсимов 

                                           1920: Sakhiygirey Argancheyev Сахийгирей Арганчеев

                           2012 – 14: Serik Nyghmetuly Akhmetov Серік Нығметұлы Ахметов Серик Ныгметович Ахметов

 1920: Viktor Alekseyevich Radus-Zenkovich Виктор Алексеевич Радус-Зенькович

          2014 – 16: Karim Kazhymkanovich Masimov Кәрім Қажымқанұлы МәсімовКарим Кажимканович Maсимов 

                 1920: Abdrakhman Aytiyevich Aytiyev Әбдірахман Әйтиұлы Айтиев Абдрахман Айтиевич Айтеев

       2016 – 19: Bakytzhan Abdirovich Sagyntayev Бақытжан Әбдірұлы СағынтаевБакытжан Абдирович Сагынтаев 

Chairman of the Central Executive Committee/Орталық Атқару Комитетінің төрағалары (Ortalıq Atqarw Komïtetiniñ törağaları)/Председатели Центрального Исполнительного Комитета (Predsedateli Tsentral'nogo Ispolnitel'nogo Komiteta)

                                    2019 - 22: Askar Uzakpayevich Mamin Асқар Ұзақбайұлы Мамин Аскар Узакпаевич Мамин

                          1920 – 25: Seytgali Mendeshevich Mendeshev Сейтғали Мендешұлы Мендешев Сейиткали Мендешевич Мендешев

 

                                                             1925 – 27: Zhalau Mynbayuly Mynbaev Жалау Мыңбайұлы Мыңбаев Жалау Мынбаевич Мынбаев

 

                                    1927 – 33: Eltai Ernazaruly Ernazarov Елтай Ерназарұлы Ерназаров Ельтай Ерназарович Ерназаров

 

1933 – 37: Uzakbay Dzhelderbayevich Kulumbetov Ұзақбай Джелдербайұлы Құлымбетов Узакбай Жельдербаевич Кулымбетов

 

           1937: Alibey Togzhanovich Dzhangildin Алибеы Тогзхановицх ДЖангилдинАлиби Токжанович Жанкельдин

 

                                                       1937 – 38: Nurbapa Umirzakov Нұрбапа ӨмірзақовНурбапа Омирзаков 

 

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet/Жоғарғы Кеңес Президиумының Төрағалары (Joğarğı Keñes Prezïdïwmınıñ Törağaları)/ Председатели Президиума Верховного Совета (Predsedateli Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta)

 

                                             1938 – 47: Abdisamet Kazakpayev Әбдісәмет Қазақбаев Абдисамет Казакбаев

 

     1947 – 54: Daniyal Kerimbayevich Kerimbayev Даниял Керімбайұлы Керімбаев Даниял Керимбаевич Керимбаев

 

       1954 – 55: Nurtas Dandibayevich Undasynov Нұртас Дәндібайұлы Ундасынов Нуртас Дандибаевич Ондасынов

 

            1955 – 60: Zhumabek Akhmetovich Tashenev Жұмабек Ахметұлы Тәшенев Жумабек Ахметович Ташенов

 

              1960: Fazyl Karibzhanovich Karibzhanov Фазыл Кәрібжанұлы Кәрібжанов Фазыл Каримович Карибжанов

 

     1960 – 61: Kapitalina Nikolayevna Krykova Капиталина Николаыевна Крыкова

 

                     1961 – 65: Isagali Sharipovich Sharipov Исагали Шарипович ШариповИсагали Шарипович Шарипов

 

                         1965 – 78: Sabir Bilyalovich Niyazbekov Сабыр Біләлұлы Ниязбеков

 

                                              1978 – 79: Isatay A. Abdukarimov Исатай Әбдікәрімұлы Әбдікәрімов Исатай Абдикеримович Абдикеримов

 

                    1979 – 84: Sattar Nurmashevich Imashov Саттар Нұрмашұлы Имашов Саттар Нурмашевич Имашев

 

                                                             1984: Andrey P. Plotnikov Андреы П. Плотников

 

                             1984 – 85: Bayken Ashimovich Ashimov Бәйкен Әшімұлы Әшімов

 

             1985 – 88: Salamat Mukashevich Mukashev Саламат Мұқашұлы Мұқашев

 

                                                       1988: Zakash Kamalidenovich Зақаш Қамалиденов

 

                              1988 – 89: Vera Vasilyevna Sidorova Вера Василыевна Сидорова

 

             1989 – 90: Makhtay Ramazanovich Sagdiyev Махтай Рамазанұлы Сағдиев Мактай Рамазанович Сагдиев

 

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet/Жоғарғы Кеңестің Төрағасы (Joğarğı Keñestiñ Törağası)/Председатель Верховного Совета (Predsedatel' Verkhovnogo Soveta)

 

                 1990: Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev Нұрсұлтан Әбiшұлы Назарбаев Нурсулта́н Аби́шевич Назарба́ев

 

Presidents/Президенттер (Prezïdentter)/Президенты (Prezidenty)

 

    1990 – 2019: Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev Нұрсұлтан Әбiшұлы Назарбаев Нурсулта́н Аби́шевич Назарба́ев

 

    2019 -: Kasym-Zhomart Kemelevich Tokayev Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев 

 

Korea Democratic People's Republic/朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 (Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk) (korean)

                                                              57 a.c – 1945 d.c: Korea/조선 (Joseon)

 

                                                       1945 – 48: Soviet Union/소련 (Solyeon)

 

1948 -: Democratic People's Republic/주주의인민공화국 (Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk)

 

Soviet Commanders-in-chief/소련 총사령관 (Solyeon chongsalyeong-gwan)

Premier of the Cabinet/내각총리 (Naegagchongli)

                     1945 – 47: Ivan Mikhailovich Chistyakov 이반 믹하일로비츠 치스탸코브

                                                              1972 – 76: Kim Il 김일

                          1947 – 48: Gennady Petrovich Korotkov 겐나디 페트로비츠 코롣코브

                                                              1976 – 77: Pak Sung Chol 박성철

Chairmen of the Provisional People's Committee for the Five Provinces/다섯도 임시인민위원회 위원장들 (Daseos imsiinmin-wiwonhoe wiwonjangdeul)

                                                              1977 – 84: Li Jong Ok 이종옥

                                                             1945 – 46: Cho Mansik 조만식

                                                              1984 – 86: Kang Song San 강성산

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the People's Assembly/최고인민회의 상임위원회 위원장들 (Choegoinminhoeui sang-im-wiwonhoe wiwonjangdeul)

                                                               1986 – 88: Li Gun Mo 리근모

                                                             1947 – 57: Kim Du Bong 김두봉

                                                             1988 – 92: Yon Hyong Muk 연형묵

                                                             1957 – 72: Choi Yong Kun 최용건

                                                             1992 – 97: Kang Song San 강성산

President of the State Affairs Commission/국 국무위원장 (Gug gugmuwiwonjang)

                                                             1997 – 2003: Hong Song Nam 홍성남

                                                             1972 – 94: Kim Il Sung 김일성

                                                              2003 – 07: Pak Pong Ju 박봉주

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly/최고인민회의 상임위원회 위원장들 (Choegoinminhoeui sang-im-wiwonhoe wiwonjangdeul)

                                                              2007 – 10: Kim Yong Il 김영일

                                                             1998 – 2019: Kim Yong Nam 김영남

                                                              2010 – 13: Choe Yong Rim 최영림

                                                             2019 -: Choe Ryong Hae 최룡해

                                                             2013 – 19: Pak Pong Ju 박봉주

 

                                                             2019 – 20: Kim Jae Ryong 김재룡

 

                                                              2020 - 24: Kim Tok Hun 김덕훈

General Secretaries of the Workers' Party 로동당 총비서 (Lodongdang chongbiseo)

 

                                                             1948 – 94: Kim Il Sung 김일성

 

                                                            1994 – 2011: Kim Jong Il 김정일

 

                                                             2012 -: Kim Jong Un 김정은

 

Korea Republic/대한민국 (Daehan-minguk) (korean)

                                                              2333 a.c – 57 a.c: Joseon/조선 (Choson)

 

                                                              57 a.c – 1231 d.c: Kingdom/왕국 (Wang-gug)

 

                                                             1231 – 1368: Mongol/몽골 (Mong-gol)

 

                                                             1368 -1592: Kingdom/왕국(Wang-gug)

 

                                                              1592 – 98: Japan/일본 (Ilbon)

 

                                                            1598 -1910: Kingdom/왕국(Wang-gug)

 

                                                             1910 – 45: Japan/일본(Ilbon)

 

                                                              1945 – 48: United States/미국 (Migug)

 

                                                              1948 -: Republic/공화제 (Gonghwaje)

 

Emperors/ 황제 (Hwangje)                                                                                                              Prime ministers/총리대신 (Chonglidaesin )

                                                              1897 – 1907: Yi Hui 이명복

                                                               1899 – 1901: Yun Yong Seon 윤용선

                                                             1907 – 10: Yi Ch'ok이척

                                                                1901 – 03: Sim Sunt'aek 심순택

Residents-general/주민총장 (juminchongjang)

                                                                 1904 – 05: Yi Geun Myeong 이근명

                                                             1905 – 09: Hirobumi Ito 이토 히로부미

                                                             1905: Han Kyu Seol 한규설

                                                              1909 – 10: Arasuke Sone 소네 아라스케

                                                            1905 – 07: Park Che Sun 박제순

Governors-general/총독 (Chongdog)

                                                             1907 – 09: Li Wan Yong 이완용

                                                            1910 – 16: Masatake Terauchi 데라우치 마사타케

                                                             1909 – 10: Park Che Sun 박제순

                                                      1916 – 19: Yoshimichi Hasegawa 하세가와 요시미치

                                                             1910: Lee Wan Yong 이완용

                                                              1919 – 27: Makoto Saito 사이토 마코토

Chairman of the Provisional Council/임시 이사회 의장 (Imsi isahoe uijang)

                                                              1927 – 29: Hanzo Yamanashi 야마나시 한조

                                                             1945: Lyuh Woon-hyung 여운형

                                                             1929 – 31: Makoto Saito 사이토 마코토

Prime ministers/총리 (Chongli)

                                                             1931 – 36: Kazushige Ugaki 우가키 가즈시게

                                                             1948 – 50: Lee Bum Suk 이범석

                                                              1936 – 42: Jiro Minami 미나미 지로

                                                             1950: Shin Sung Mo 신성모

                                                             1942 – 44: Kuniaki Koiso 고이소 구니아키

                                                             1950 – 52: Chang Myon 장면

                                                            1944 – 45: Nobuyuki Abe 아베 노부유키

                                                              1952: Yi Yun Yong 이윤영

President of the Korean People's Republic/조선인민공화국 대통령
(Joseon-inmingonghwagug daetonglyeong)

                                                             1952: Chang Taek Sang 장택상

                                                             1945: Syngman Rhee 이승만

                                                            1952 – 54: Paik Too Chin 파익 투 친

                                                              1945: Lyuh Woon-hyung 여운형

                                                             1954: Pyun Yung Tai 변영태

United States Commander-in-chief/미국 최고 사령관 (Migug chongsalyeong-gwan)

                                                             1960: Ho Chong 허정

                                                            1945 – 48: John Reed Hodge 존 리드 하지

                                                             1960 – 61: Chang Myon 장면

United States Military Governors/미국 군사 총독 (Migug gunsa chongdog)

Chief Cabinet ministers/내각총리 (Naegagchongli)

                                                             1945: Archibald Vincent Arnold 아치발ㄷ ㅂ. 아놀ㄷ

                                                             1961: Chang Do Yung 창 도 융

                                                          1945 – 47: Archer Lynn Lerch 아처 린 러치

                                                             1961 – 62: Song Yo Chan 송요찬

                                                             1947 – 48: William Frische Dean  윌리엄 F. 딘

                                                             1962: Park Chung Hee 박정희

Civil Administrator/민사 행정관 (Minsa haengjeong-gwan)

                                                              1962 – 63: Kim Hyun Chul 킴 휸 출

                                                               1947 – 48:  Ahn Chai-hong 안재홍

Prime ministers/총리 (Chongli) 

Chairmen of the Interim Legislative Assembly/임시 국회의장 (Imsi gughoeuijang)

                                                                1963 – 64: Choi Doo Sun 초이 두 순

                                                             1946 – 48: Kim Kyu-sik 김규식

                                                             1964 – 70: Chung Il Kwon 정일권

Presidents/대통령(Daetonglyeong)

                                                             1970 – 71: Paik Too Chin 백두진

                                                             1948 – 60: Syngman Rhee 이승만

                                                             1971 – 75: Kim Jong Pil 김종필

                                                              1960: Ho Chong 허정

                                                             1975 – 79: Choi Kyu Hah 최규하

                                                             1960: Kwak Sang Hoon 콱 상 훈

                                                             1979 – 80: Shin Hyon Hwak 신 휸확

                                                             1960: Ho Chong 허정

                                                              1980: Park Choong Hoon박충훈

                                                             1960 – 62: Yun Po Sun 윤보선

                                                              1980 – 82: Nam Duck Woo 남덕우

                                                              1962 – 79: Park Chung Hee 박정희

                                                             1982: Yoo Chang Soon 유창순

                                                               1979 – 80: Choi Kyu Hah 최규하

                                                              1982 – 83: Kim Sang Hyup 김상협

                                                               1980: Park Choong Hoon 박충훈

                                                               1983 – 85: Chin Lee Chong 진의종

                                                             1980 – 88: Chun Doo Hwan 전두환

                                                            1985 – 87: Lho Shin Yong 노신영

                                                             1988 – 93: Roh Tae Woo 노태우

                                                              1987: Lee Han Key 이한기

                                                             1993 – 98: Kim Young Sam 김영삼

                                                               1987 – 88: Kim Chung Yul 킴 충 율

                                                            1998 – 2003: Kim Dae Jung 김대중

                                                             1988: Lee Hyun Jae 이현재

                                                              2003 – 08: Roh Moo Hyun 노무현

                                                             1988 – 90: Kang Young Hoon 캉 요웅 훈

                                                             2008 – 13: Lee Myung Bak 이명박

                                                             1990 – 91: Ro Jai Bong 노재봉

                                                             2013 – 17: Park Geun Hye 박근혜

                                                             1991: Shin Hyon Hwak 신 횬 확

                                                             2017 - 22: Moon Jae In 문재인

                                                             1991 – 92: Chung Won Shik 정원식