Belarus/ Беларусь (Belarus') (belarusian/russian)

                                                              s. VI – 862: Slavs/ Славяне (Slavianie)

 

                            862 – 1240: Polotsk/Полацкае (Polackaje)/ Полоцкое (Polotskoye)

 

                                                              1240 – 1772: Lithuania/ Літва (Litva)/Литва

 

                                                    1772 – 1812: Russia/ Расія (Rasija)/Россия  (Rossiya)

 

                                                              1812: France/Францыя (Francyja)

 

                                                    1812 – 1918: Russia/ Расія (Rasija)/Россия  (Rossiya)

 

                                     1918 : Germany/Германія (Hiermanija)/Германия (Germaniya)

 

                     1918: People's Republic/ Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка (Narodnaja Respublika)

 

                                                         1918 – 19: Russia/ Расія(Rasija)/Россия  (Rossiya)

 

1919: Soviet Socialist Republic/Саве́цкая Сацыялісты́чная Рэспу́бліка (Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika)/Советская Социалистическая Республика (Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)

 

          1919 – 20: People' s Republic/ Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка (Narodnaja Respublika)

 

1920 – 41: Soviet Socialist Republic/Саве́цкая Сацыялісты́чная Рэспу́бліка (Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika)/Советская Социалистическая Республика (Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)

 

                             1941 – 44: Germany/Германія(Hiermanija)/Германия (Germaniya)

 

1944 – 91: Soviet Socialist Republic/Саве́цкая Сацыялісты́чная Рэспу́бліка (Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika)/ Советская Социалистическая Республика (Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)

 

                                                              1991 -: Republic/ Рэспубліка (Respublika)

 

Secretary of Northwest Regional Committee/Сакратар Паўночна-Заходняга рэгіянальнага камітэта (Sakratar Paŭnočna-Zachodniaha rehijanaĺnaha kamiteta)/ Секретарь Северо-Западного обкома (Sekretar' Severo-Zapadnogo obkoma)

Chairmen of the People's Secretariat/Старшыні Народнага сакратарыята (Staršyni Narodnaha sakrataryjata)/ Председатели Народного секретариата (Predsedateli Narodnogo sekretariata)

      1917 - 18: Aleksandr Fyodorovich Myasnikov Аляксандр Фёдаравіч Мяснікоў 

                               1918: Jazep Yakavlyavich Varonka Язэп Якаўлевіч Варонка

Chairman of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party/Старшыня Цэнтральнага бюро Камуністычнай партыі (Staršynia Centraĺnaha biuro Kamunistyčnaj partyi)/ Председатель Центрального бюро Коммунистической партии (Predsedatel' Tsentral'nogo byuro Kommunisticheskoy partii)

                                              1918: Ivan Mikitavich Syerada  Іван Мікітавіч Серада 

    1918 – 19: Aleksandr Fyodorovich Myasnikov Аляксандр Фёдаравіч Мяснікоў

            1918: Raman Alyaksandravich Skirmunt  Раман Аляксандравіч Скірмунт

First Secretary of the Communist Party/ Першы сакратар Камуністычнай партыі (Pieršy sakratar Kamunistyčnaj partyi)/ Первый секретарь Коммунистической партии (Pervyy sekretar' Kommunisticheskoy partii)

                                     1918: Anton Ivanavich Luckiewich  Антон Іванавіч Луцкевіч

1919 – 20: Vincas Simanovich Mickevicius-Kapsukas Вінцас Сімановіч Міцкевічус-Капсукас

Chairmen of the People`s Council of Ministers/Старшыні Народнага Савета Міністраў (Staršyni Narodnaha Savieta Ministraŭ)/ Председатели Народного Совета Министров (Predsedateli Narodnogo Soveta Ministrov)

               1920 – 23: Vilgelm Gregoryevich Knorinsh Вільгельм Рыгоравіч Кнорынш

                             1918 - 19: Anton Ivanavich Luckiewich Антон Іванавіч Луцкевіч

1923 – 24: Aleksandr Nikolayevich Osatkin-Vladimirsky Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Асаткін-Уладзімірскі 

                                                              1919 – 20: Vaclau Lastouski  Вацлаў Ластоўскі

           1924 – 25: Aleksandr Ivanovich Krinitsky Аляксандр Іванавіч Крыніцкі

                  1920 – 24: Alyaksandr R. Charvyakov Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Чарвякоў  

               1925 – 27: Nikolay Matveyevich Goloded Мікала́й Мацьве́евіч Галадзе́д

       1924 – 27: Iosif Aleksandrovich Adamovich Язэ́п Алякса́ндравіч Адамо́віч

           1927 – 28: Vilgelm Gregoryevich Knorinsh Вільгельм Рыгоравіч Кнорынш

                  1927 – 37: Nikolay Matveyevich Goloded  Мікала́й Мацьве́евіч Галадзе́д

                                     1928 – 30: Yan Borisovich Gamarnik Ян Барысавіч Гамарнік

                                      1937: Daniil Ivanovich Volkovich  Даніла Іванавіч Валковіч 

             1930 – 32: Konstantin Venyaminovich Gey Канстанцін Венямінавіч Гей

               1937 – 38: Afanasy Fyodorovich Kovalyov  Апанас Фёдаравіч Кавалёў

                  1932 – 37: Nikolay Fyodorovich Gikalo Gikalo Мікалай Фёдаравіч Гікала

              1938 – 40: Kuzma Venediktovich Kiselyov  Кузьма́ Венеди́ктович Киселёв

                              1937: Vasily Fomich Sharangovich Васіль Фаміч Шаранговіч 

                         1940 – 44: Ivan Semyonovich Bylinsky  Іва́н Сямё́навіч Былі́нскі

                                     1937: Yakov Arkadyevich Yakovlev  Якаў Аркадзевіч Якаўлеў

1944 – 46: Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko Панцеляймон Кандратавіч Панамарэнка 

                        1937 – 38: Aleksey Alekseyevich Volkov Аляксей Аляксеевіч Волкаў

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers/Старшыні Савета Міністраў (Staršyni Savieta Ministraŭ)/ Председатели Совета Министров (Predsedateli Soveta Ministrov)

1938 – 41: Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko  Панцеляймон Кандратавіч Панамарэнка

1946 – 48: Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko  Панцеляймон Кандратавіч Панамарэнка 

Nazi General Commissars/Нацысцкія генеральныя камісары (Nacysckija hienieraĺnyja kamisary)/ Нацистские генеральные комиссары (Natsistskiye general'nyye komissary)

                      1948 – 53: Aleksey Yefimovich Kleshchev Аляксей Яўхімавіч Кляшчоў

                                                              1941 – 43: Wilhelm Kube Вільгельм Кубэ

                        1953 – 56: Kirill Trofimovich Mazurov  Кіры́ла Трафі́мавіч Ма́зураў

                                                              1943 – 44: Curt von Gottberg Курт фон Готберг

      1956 – 59: Nikolay Yefremovich Avkhimovich Мікала́й Яфрэ́мавіч Аўхімо́віч 

First Secretary of the Communist Party/Першы сакратар Камуністычнай партыі (Pieršy sakratar Kamunistyčnaj partyi)/ Первый секретарь Коммунистической партии (Pervyy sekretar' Kommunisticheskoy partii) 

                             1959 – 78: Tikhon Yakovlevich Kiselyov Ціхан Якаўлевіч Кісялёў

1944 – 47: Panteleimon Kondratyevich Ponomarenko Панцеляймон Кандратавіч Панамарэнка

     1978 – 83: Aleksandr Nikiforovich Aksyonov Аляксандр Нічыпаравіч Аксёнаў 

                             1947 – 50: Nikolay Ivanovich Gusarov Мікала́й Іва́навіч Гуса́раў

             1983 – 86: Vladimir Ignatyevich Brovikov Уладзімір Ігнатавіч Бровікаў

          1950 – 53: Nikolay Semyonovich Patolichev Мікалай Сямёнавіч Патолічаў

                      1986 – 90: Mikhail Vasilyevich Kovalyov Міхаіл Васілевіч Кавалёў

                         1953: Mikhail Vasilyevich Zimyanin   Міхаіл Васільевіч Зімянін

                    1990 – 94: Vyacheslav Frantsavich Kebich Вячаслаў Францавіч Кебіч

          1953 – 56: Nikolay Semyonovich Patolichev  Мікалай Сямёнавіч Патолічаў

Prime ministers/ Прэм'ер-міністры (Premjer-ministry)/ премьер-министры (Prem'yer-ministry)

                         1956 – 65: Kirill Trofimovich Mazurov Кіры́ла Трафі́мавіч Ма́зураў

                      1994 – 96: Mikhail Mikalayevich Chyhir Міхаіл Мікалаевіч Чыгір

                            1965 – 80: Pyotr Mironovich Masherov Пётр Міронавіч Машэраў

                      1996 – 2000: Syarhey Stsyapanavich Linh Сяргей Сцяпанавіч Лінг

                             1980 – 83: Tikhon Yakovlevich Kiselyov Ціхан Якаўлевіч Кісялёў

        2000 – 01: Vladimir Vasilyevich Jarmoshyn Уладзі́мір Васі́левіч Ярмо́шын

                              1983 – 87: Nikolay Nikitich Slyunkov Мікалай Мікітавіч Слюнькоў

                 2001 – 03: Henadz Vasilyevich Navitski Гена́дзь Васі́левіч Наві́цкі

                        1987 – 90: Yefrem Yevseyevich SokolovЯфрэ́м Яўсе́евіч Сакало́ў

                     2003 – 10: Sergey Sergeyevich Sidorsky Сярге́й Сярге́евіч Сідо́рскі

1990 – 91: Anatoly Aleksandrovich Malofeyev Анатоль Аляксандравіч Малафееў 

  2010 – 14: Mikhail Uladzimiravich Myasnikovich Міхаі́л Уладзі́міравіч Мясніко́віч

Presidents of the Executive Committee of the Council/Прэзідэнты Выканаўчага камітэта Савета (Prezidenty Vykanaŭčaha kamiteta Savieta)/ Председатели Исполнительного комитета Совета (Predsedateli Ispolnitel'nogo komiteta Soveta)

           2014 – 18: Andrey Uladzimiravich Kabyakow Андрэй Уладзіміравіч Кабякоў

                      1917 – 18: Jazep Yakavlyavich Varonka Язэп Якаўлевіч Варонка

                         2018 – 20: Syarhyey Mikalayevich Rumas Сяргей Мікалаевіч Румас

            1918: Raman Alyaksandravich Skirmunt Раман Аляксандравіч Скірмунт

        2020 -: Roman Alexandrovich Golovchenko Раман Аляксандравіч Галоўчэнка

Chairmen of the Rada/Старшыні Рады (Staršyni Rady)/ Председатели Рады (Predsedateli Rady)

 

                                              1918: Ivan Mikitavich Syerada  Іван Мікітавіч Сярада

 

                                     1918: Pavel Pawlavich Alyaksyuk  Павел Паўлавіч Аляксюк

 

                                                        1918: Yazep Yur'evich Lyosik  Язэп Юр'евіч Лёсік

 

Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary/Старшыня часовай рэвалюцыі (Staršynia časovaj revaliucyi)/ Председатель Временного революционного (Predsedatel' Vremennogo revolyutsionnogo)

 

               1919: Dzmitry Fyodorovich Zhylunovich  Дзмітрый Фёдаравіч Жылуновіч

 

Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee/Старшыні Цэнтральнага выканаўчага камітэта (Staršyni Centraĺnaha vykanaŭčaha kamiteta)/ Председатели Центрального Исполнительного Комитета (Predsedateli Tsentral'nogo Ispolnitel'nogo Komiteta)

 

              1919: Aleksandr Fyodorovich Myasnikov  Аляксандр Фёдаравіч Мяснікоў

 

                        1919 – 20: Pyotr Antonavich Krechewski  Пётр Антонавіч Крэчэўскі 

 

                                     1919 – 20: Ivan Mikitavich Syerada Іван Мікітавіч Сярада

 

 1920 – 37: Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Charvyakov  Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Чарвякоў

 

                                       1937: Mikhail Iosifovich Stakun Міхаіл Іосіфавіч Стакун

 

            1937 – 38: Nikifor Yakovlevich Natalevich  Нікіфар Якаўлевіч Наталевіч

 

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet/ Старшыня Вярхоўнага Савета (Staršynia Viarchoŭnaha Savieta)/ Председатель Верховного Совета (Predsedatel' Verkhovnogo Soveta)

 

                       1938: Nadezhda Grigoryevna Grekova Надзея Рыгораўна Грэкава

 

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet/Старшыні Прэзідыума Вярхоўнага Савета (Staršyni Prezidyuma Viarchoŭnaha Savieta)/ Председатели Президиума Верховного Совета (Predsedateli Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta)

 

            1938 – 48: Nikifor Yakovlevich Natalevich  Нікіфар Якаўлевіч Наталевіч

 

Pro-Soviet Resistance to Nazi Occupation/Прасавецкі супраціў нацысцкай акупацыі (Prasaviecki supraciŭ nacysckaj akupacyi)/ Просоветское сопротивление нацистской оккупации (Prosovetskoye soprotivleniye natsistskoy okkupatsii)

 

                                  1942 – 44: Pyotr Zakharovich Kalinin Пётр Захаравіч Калінін

 

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet/ Старшыні Прэзідыума Вярхоўнага Савета (Staršyni Prezidyuma Viarchoŭnaha Savieta)/ Председатели Президиума Верховного Совета (Predsedateli Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta)

 

                                    1948 – 67: Vasily Ivanovich Kozlov  Васіль Іванавіч Казлоў 

 

                   1967 – 68: Fyodor Anisimovich Surganov  Фёдар Анісімавіч Сурганаў

 

                        1968 – 71: Sergey Osipovich Pritytsky Сяргей Восіпавіч Прытыцкі

 

1971: Fyodor Surganov Фёдар Сурганаў,Ivan Frolovich Klimov Іван Фраловіч Клімаў

 

                  1971 – 76: Fyodor Anisimovich Surganov Фёдар Анісімавіч Сурганаў

 

1976 – 77: Vladimir Yeliseyevich Lobanok Уладзімір Елісеевіч Лабанок  , Zinaida M. Bychkovskaya Зінаіда М. Бычкоўская

 

                               1977 – 85: Ivan Yevteyevich Polyakov Іван Яўцеевіч Палякоў

 

    1985 – 89: Georgy Stanislavovich Tarazevich  Георгій Станіслававіч Таразевіч

 

                 1989 – 90: Nikolay Ivanovich Dementyey Мікалай Іванавіч Дэменцей

 

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet/ Старшыня Вярхоўнага Савета (Staršynia Viarchoŭnaha Savieta)/ Председатель Верховного Совета (Predsedatel' Verkhovnogo Soveta)

 

                          1990: Nikolay Ivanovich Dementyey Мікалай Іванавіч Дэменцей

 

1990 – 94: Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkevich Станісла́ў Станісла́вавіч Шушке́віч

 

       1994: Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznyetsov  Вячаслаў Мікалаевіч Кузьняцоў

 

                                          1994: Myechyslau Ivanavich Hryb Мечыслаў Іванавіч Грыб

 

Presidents of Belorussian Republic/ Презыдент з Респúблика Биеłаруски (Prezydent z Respúblika Biełaruski)/ Президент Белорусской Республики (Prezident Belorusskoj Respubliki)

 

        1994 -: Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Лукашэнка

 

Bulgaria/ България (Bǎlgarija) (bulgarian)

                                                              460 a.c – 46 d.c: Odrysian/ Одриско (Odrisko)

 

                                                              46 – 395: Rome/ Рим (Rim)

 

                                                              395 – 913: Byzantine/ Византийска (Vizantiĭska)

 

                                                               913 – 971: State/държава (Dŭrzhava)

 

                                                               971 – 76: Byzantine/ Византийска (Vizantiĭska)

 

                                                               976 – 1018: State/ държава (Dŭrzhava)

 

                                                         1018 – 1185: Byzantine/ Византийска (Vizantiĭska)

 

                                                              1185 – 1274: State/държава (Dŭrzhava)

 

                                                               1274 – 1300: Mongol/Монголци (Mongoltsi)

 

                                                              1300 – 95: Kingdom/царство (Tsarstvo)

 

                                                              1395 – 1877: Ottoman/Османска (Osmanska)

 

                                                              1877 – 79: Russia/Русия (Rusiya)

 

                                                               1879 – 1908: Ottoman/Османска(Osmanska)

 

                                                              1908 – 46: Kingdom/царство (Tsarstvo)

 

                    1946 – 90: People's Republic/ Народна република (Narodna Republika)

 

                                                              1990 -: Republic/ Република (Republika)

 

Princes/Принцове (Printsove)                                                                                                         Prime Ministers/Министър-председатели (Ministŭr-predsedateli)

                                                              1887 – 1908: Ferdinand I Фердинанд I

                                                               1899 – 1901: Todor Ivanchov Тодор Иванчов

Tzars/ Цар

                                                       1901: Racho Petrov Stoyanov Рачо Петров Стоянов

                                                              1908 – 18: Ferdinand I Фердинанд I

                                1901 – 02: Petko Stoychev Karavelov Петко Стойчев Каравелов 

                                                              1918 – 43: Boris III Борѝс III

                                                    1902 – 03: Stoyan Petrov Danev Стоян Петров Данев

1943 – 46: Simeon II Borisov Sakskoburggotski Симеон II Борисов Сакскобургготски

                                             1903 – 06: Racho Petrov Stoyanov Рачо Петров Стоянов

Regents/Регенти (Regenti)

                                      1906 – 07: Dimitar Nikolov Petkov Димитър Николов Петков

                                                   1943: Bogdan Dimitrov Filov Богдан Димитров Филов

                                                  1907: Dimitar Yanev Stanchov Димитър Янев Станчов

                                                             1943: Dobri Bozhilov Добри Божилов

                                                  1907 – 08: Petar Todorov Gudev Петър Тодоров Гудев

                                          1943 – 44: Bogdan Dimitrov Filov Богдан Димитров Филов

                        1908 – 11: Aleksandar Pavlov Malinov Александър Павлов Малинов

                                          1944 – 46: Todor Dimitrov Pavlov Тодор Павлов Димитров

                                          1911 – 13: Ivan Evstratiev Geshov Иван Евстратиев Гешов

Commander of Soviet Forces/Командир на съветските сили (Komandir na sŭvet·skite sili)

                                                             1913: Stoyan Petrov Danev Стоян Петров Данев

                                   1944: Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin Фьодор Ива̀нович Толбу̀хин 

                                1913 – 18: Vasil Hristov Radoslavov Васил Христов Радославов

Chairmen of the Allied Control Council/Председатели на Съюзническия контролен съвет (Predsedateli na Sŭyuznicheskiya kontrolen sŭvet)

                                 1918: Aleksandar Pavlov Malinov Александър Павлов Малинов

                       1944 – 46: Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin Фьодор Ива̀нович Толбу̀хин 

                                     1918 – 19: Teodor Ivanov Teodorov Теодор Иванов Теодоров

                   1944 – 46: Sergey Semyonovich Biriuzov Сергѐй Семьонович Бирюзо̀в

1919 – 23: Aleksandar Stroymenov Stamboliyski Александър Стройменов Стамболийски 

                                   1946 – 47: Aleksandr I. Cherepanov Александър И. Черепанов 

                            1923– 26: Aleksandar Tsolov Tsankov Александър Цолов Цанков

Chairman of the Provisional Presidency/ Председател на Временното председателство (Predsedatel na Vremennoto predsedatelstvo)

                                             1926 – 31: Andrey Tasev Lyapchev Андрей Тасев Ляпчев

                                                 1946 – 47: Vasil Petrov Kolarov Васил Петров Коларов

                                 1931: Aleksandar Pavlov Malinov Александър Павлов Малинов

General secretaries of the Bulgarian Communist Party/Генерални секретари на Българска комунистическа партия (Generalni sekretari na Bŭlgarska komunisticheska partiya)

                                1931 – 34: Nikola Stoykov Mushanov Никола Стойков Мушанов

                                         1945 – 48: Traicho Kostov Dzhunev Трайчо Костов Джунев 

                                  1934 – 35: Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov Кимон Георгиев Стоянов

                             1943 – 49: Georgi Dimitrov Mihaylov Гео̀рги Димитро̀в Миха̀йлов 

                                                          1935: Pencho Ivanov Zlatev Пенчо Иванов Златев

1949: Georgi Tsankov Veselinov Гео̀рги Цанков Веселинов(,Vulko Velyov Chervenkov Вълко Вельов Червенков 

                                                        1935: Andrey Slavov Toshev Андрей Славов Тошев

1949 – 50: Vasil Kolarov Васил Коларов,Vulko Chervenkov Вълко Червенков,Dimitur Dimitrov Димитър Димитров

                          1935 – 40: Georgi Ivanov Kyoseivanov Георги Иванов Кьосеиванов

                                                       1950: Ruben Avramov Levi Рубен Аврамов Леви 

                                          1940 – 43: Bogdan Dimitrov Filov Богдан Димитров Филов

                                    1950 – 54: Vulko Velyov Chervenkov Вулко Вельов Червенков

                                              1943: Petar Hristov Gabrovski Петар Христов Габровски

                                           1954 – 89: Todor Khristov Zhivkov Toдор Xpиcтoв Живков

           1943 – 44: Dobri Bozhilov Khadzhiyanakev  Добри Божилов Хаджиянакиев 

                                           1989 – 90: Petar Tosev Mladenov Петър Тошев Младенов

                                                      1944: Ivan Ivanov Bagrianov Иван Иванов Багрянов

Chairmen of the Presidium of the National Assembly/ Председател на Президиума на Народното събрание (Predsedatel na Prezidiuma na Narodnoto sŭbranie)

                              1944: Konstantin Vladov Muraviev Константин Владов Муравиев

                                               1947 – 50: Mincho Kolev Neychev Минчо Колев Нейчев

                                  1944 – 46: Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov Кимон Георгиев Стоянов

                           1950 – 58: Georgi Purvanov Damyanov Георги Първанов Дамянов 

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers/Председатели на Министерския съвет (Predsedateli na Ministerskiya sŭvet)

1958: Georgi Kulishev Gugov Георги Първанов Дамянов ,Nikolay Georgiev Ivanov Николай Георгиев Иванов 

                             1946 – 49: Georgi Dimitrov Mihaylov Гео̀рги Димитро̀в Миха̀йлов 

                                   1958 – 64: Dimitur Ganev Vurbanov Димитър Ганев Върбанов 

                                                 1949 – 50: Vasil Petrov Kolarov Васил Петров Коларов 

1964: Georgi Kulishev Gugov Георги Кулишев Гугов, Nikolay Georgiev Ivanov Николай Георгиев Иванов

                                   1950 – 56: Vulko Velyov Chervenkov Вълко Вельов Червенков 

                                      1964 – 71: Georgi Traykov Girovski Георги Трайков Гировски 

                                                           1956 – 62: Anton Tanev Yugov Антон Танев Югов

Chairmen of the State Council/ Председатели на Държавния съвет (Predsedateli na Darzhavniya sŭvet)

                                           1962 – 71: Todor Khristov Zhivkov Toдор Xpиcтoв Живков

                                           1971 – 89: Todor Khristov Zhivkov Toдор Xpиcтoв Живков

                                   1971 – 81: Stanko Todorov Georgiev Станко Тодоров Георгиев

                                           1989 – 90: Petar Tosev Mladenov Петър Тошев Младенов

                                        1981 – 86: Grisha Stanchev Filipov Гриша Станчев Филипов

Presidents/Президенти (Prezidenti)

                                       1986 – 90: Georgi Ivanov Atanasov Георги Иванов Атанасов

                                                    1990: Petar Tosev Mladenov Петър Тошев Младенов

                                                   1990: Andrey Karlov Lukanov Андрей Карлов Луканов

                                            1990: Stanko Todorov Georgiev Станко Тодоров Георгиев

Prime ministers/Министър-председатели (Ministŭr-predsedateli)

                                          1990: Nikolay Todorov Todorov Николай Тодоров Тодоров

                                                   1990 – 91: Dimitar Iliev Popov Димитър Илиев Попов

                                                       1990 – 97: Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev Желю Митев Желев

                                   1991 – 92: Filip Dimitrov Dimitrov Филип Димитров Димитров

                               1997 – 2002: Petar Stefanov Stoyanov Петър Стефанов Стоянов

                                               1992 – 94: Lyuben Borisov Berov Любен Борисов Беров

                          2002 – 12: Georgi Sedefchov Purvanov Георги Седефчов Първанов

                                  1994 – 95: Reneta Ivanova Indzhova Ренета Иванова Инджова

                                 2012 – 17: Rosen Asenov Plevneliev Росен Асенов Плевнелиев

                                                1995 – 97: Zhan Vasilev Videnov Жан Василев Виденов

                                                   2017 -: Rumen Georgiev Radev Румен Георгиев Радев

                                     1997: Stefan Antonov Sofiyanski Стефан Антонов Софиянски

 

                                         1997 – 2001: Ivan Yordanov Kostov Иван Йорданов Костов

 

 2001 - 05: Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski Симеон Борисов Сакскобургготски

 

                  2005 – 09: Sergey Dimitryvich Stanishev Сергей Дмитриевич Станишев

 

                                    2009 – 13: Boyko Metodiev Borisov Бойко Методиев Борисов

 

                                                      2013: Marin Raykov Nikolov Марин Райков Николов

 

                          2013 – 14: Plamen Vasilev Oresharski Пламен Василев Орешарски

 

                                                          2014: Georgi Petkov Bliznashki Георги Близнашки

 

                                     2014 – 17: Boyko Metodiev Borisov Бойко Методиев Борисов

 

                                 2017: Ognyan Stefanov Gerdzhikov Огнян Стефанов Герджиков

 

                                           2017 -: Boyko Metodiev Borisov Бойко Методиев Борисов

Czech Republic/ Česká republika (czech)

                                                              s. V a.c – s. II d.c: Boii/Bojové

 

                                                               s. II – s. VI: Germanic/Germáni

 

                                                              s. VI – 570: Slavs/Slované

 

                                                              570 – 806: Avar/Avarové

 

                                                              806 – 849: Bavarian/Bavoři

 

                                                               849 – 867: Slavs/Slované

 

                                                              867 – 895: Moravia/Morava

 

                                                              895 – 1003: Duchy/V évodství

 

                                                             1003 – 1198: Germany/ Německo

 

                                                               1198 – 1290: Kingdom/ Království

 

                                                              1290 – 1305: Poland/Polsko

 

                                                               1305 – 1527: Kingdom/ Království

 

                                                               1527 – 1619: Austria/ Rakousko

 

                                                               1619 – 1866: Kingdom/ Království

 

                                                              1866: Prusia/Prusko

 

                                                            1866 – 1918: Austro-Hungary/ Rakousko-Uhersko

 

                                                               1918 – 39: State/ Stát

 

                                                              1939 – 45: Germany/Německo

 

                                                               1945 – 60: Republic/Republika

 

                                                        1960 – 90: Socialist Republic/Socialistická republika

 

                                                               1990 – 93: Federal Republic/Spolková republika

 

                                                               1993 -: Republic/Republika

 

Bohemia/Čechy                                                                                                                          Moravian National Main people/Moravský národní hlavní lid

Colonel Land Marshals/ Plukovník pozemní maršálové

                                                        1883 – 1907: Georg Christian Franz Fürst Lobkowitz

                                                              1884 – 1906: Felix Graf Vetter von der Lilie

                                                        1907 – 13: Ferdinand Zdenko Maria Fürst Lobkowitz

                                                              1906 – 18: Otto Graf Serényi von Kis-Serényi

Chairman of the Provincial Administrative Commission/ Předseda zemské správní komise

Czechoslovak Prime Ministers/ Českoslovenští Předsedové vlád

                                       1913 – 18: Adalbert Graf von Schönborn-Buchheim- Wolfstahl

                                                             1918 – 19: Karel Kramár

Governors/ Guvernéři

                                                               1919 – 20: Vlastimil Tusar

                                                               1900 – 06: Karl Graf Zierotin-Lilgenau

                                                              1920 – 21: Jan Cerný

                                                              1906 – 07: Hermann Freiherr von Pillersdorf

                                                               1921 – 22: Edvard Benes

                                                               1908 – 11: Karl Freiherr von Heinold-Udynski

                                                              1922 – 26: Antonin Svehla

                                                           1911 – 15: Oktavian Freiherr von Regner-Bleyleben

                                                               1926: Jan Cerný

                                                               1915 – 18: Karl Freiherr von Heinold-Udynski

                                                              1926 – 29: Antonin Svehla

Czechoslovakia/ Československo

                                                               1929 – 32: Frantisek Udrzal

Chairman of the Czech National Council/ Předseda České národní rady

                                                               1932 – 35: Jan Malypetr

                                                              1915 – 18: Tomás Garrigue Masaryk

                                                              1935 – 38: Milan Hodza

Chairman of the National Council/ Předseda Národní rady

                                                              1938: Jan Syrový

                                                              1918: Karel Kramár

                                                               1938 – 39: Rudolf Beran

                                   1918: Alois Rasín,Frantisek Soukup,Jirí Stríbrný

                                                               1940 – 45: Jan Srámek

                                                1918: Vavro Srobár, Antonín Svehla

                                                              1945 – 46: Zdenek Fierlinger

Presidents/Prezidenti

                                                              1946 - 48: Klement Gottwald

                                                              1918 – 35: Tomás Garrigue Masaryk

                                                               1948 – 53: Antonín Zápotocký

                                                              1935: Milan Hodza

                                                               1953 – 63: Viliám Siroký

                                                              1935 – 38: Edvard Benes

                                                             1963 – 68: Josef Lenárt

                                                              1938: Jan Syrový

                                                               1968 – 70: Oldrich Cerník

                                                              1938 – 39: Emil Hácha

                                                              1970 – 88: Lubomír Strougal

                                                              1939 – 45: Edvard Benes (in exile)

                                                             1988 – 89: Ladislav Adamec

General Secretary of the Communist Party / Generální tajemník komunistické strany

                                                              1989 – 92: Marián Calfa

                                                               1945 – 51: Rudolf Slanský

                                                              1992: Jan Stráský

Chairman of the Communist Party/ Předseda Komunistické strany

Czech Prime Ministers/ Česká Předsedové vlád

                                                              1945 – 53: Klement Gottwald

                                                              1969: Stanislav Rázl

First secretaries of the Communist Party/ První tajemníků komunistické strany

                                                              1969 – 70: Josef Kempný

                                                               1953 – 68: Antonín Novotný

                                                              1970 – 87: Ladislav Adamec

                                                             1968 – 69: Alexander Dubcek

                                                              1988 – 90: Frantisek Pitra

                                                             1969 – 71: Gustáv Husák

                                                              1990 – 92: Petr Pithart

General Secretary of the Communist Party/ Generální tajemník komunistické strany

                                                              1992 – 97: Václav Klaus

                                                              1971 – 87: Gustáv Husák

                                                              1997 – 98: Josef Tosovský

                                                              1987 – 89: Milos Jakes

                                                              1998 – 2002: Milos Zeman

                                                               1989: Karel Urbánek

                                                               2002 – 04: Vladimír Spidla

                                                             1989 – 90: Ladislav Adamec

                                                              2004 – 05: Stanislav Gross

Presidents/Prezidenti

                                                               2005 – 06: Jirí Paroubek

                                                              1945 – 48: Edvard Benes

                                                               2006 – 09: Mirek Topolánek

                                                              1948 – 53: Klement Gottwald

                                                              2009 – 10: Jan Fischer

                                                              1953 – 57: Antonín Zápotocký

                                                               2010 – 13: Petr Nečas

                                                             1957: Viliám Siroký

                                                               2013 – 14: Jiří Rusnok

                                                              1957 – 68: Antonín Novotný

                                                               2014 – 17: Bohuslav Sobotka

                                                             1968: Josef Lenárt

                                                              2017 -: Andrej Babiš

                                                              1968 – 75: Ludvík Svoboda

 

                                                              1975 – 89: Gustáv Husák

 

                                                              1989: Marián Calfa

 

                                                             1989 – 92: Václav Havel

 

                                                             1992: Jan Stráský

 

President of the Czech Republic/Prezidenti České republiky

 

                                                             1993: Václav Klaus

 

                                                              1993 – 2003: Václav Havel

 

                                                               2003: Vladimír Spidla

 

                                                              2003 – 13: Václav Klaus

 

                                                              2013 -: Miloš Zeman