India (english)/भारत (Bharat) (hindi)

                   3300 a.c – 1700 a.c: Indus Valley/ सिंधु घाटी  (Sindhu ghāṭī )

 

                                                              1700 a.c – 1300 a.c: Late Harappan

 

                                               1300 a.c – 500 a.c: Vedic/ वैदिक सभ्यता (Vaidika sabhyatā)

 

                                                              500 a.c – 321 a.c: Mahajanapadas/ महाजनपद

 

                                            321 a.c – 185 a.c: Mauryan/ मौर्य राजवंश (Maurya rājavanśa)

 

                                                              185 a.c – 240 d.c: Indo-Scythian

 

                                                              240 – 550: Gupta/ गुप्त

 

                                                          s. VII a.c – 1036 d.c: Gurjara- Pratihara/ गुर्जर प्रतिहार

 

                                                               1070 – 1230: Sena/ सेन

 

                                                              1230 – 1526: Delhi/ दिल्ली (Dillī)

 

                                                              1526 – 1858: Mughal/ मुग़ल (Muġala)

 

                                                              1858 – 1947: British/ ब्रिटिश (Britisa)

 

                                                              1947 – 50: Dominion/ अधिराज्य (Adhirājya)

 

                                                              1950 -: Republic/ गणराज्य (Gaṇarājya)

 

Viceroys/वायसराय (Vaisarasya)

                                                             1899– 1905: George Nathaniel Curzon लॉर्ड कर्जन   

 

    1905 – 10: Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmoundगिल्बर्ट जॉन इलियट-मरे-कियेनमाउंड

 

                                                              1910 – 16: Charles Hardinge लॉर्ड हार्डिंग

 

                             1916 – 21: Frederic John Napier Thesiger फ्रेडरिक जॉन नेपियर थिसिगर 

 

                                                            1921 – 26: Rufus Daniel Isaacs रुफ़स डैनियल इसाक 

 

                                                       1926 – 29: Edward Frederick Lindley Wood लॉर्ड इर्विन

 

                                                 1929 – 31: George Joachim Goschen जॉर्ज जोआचिम गोशेन

 

                                            1931 – 36: George Freeman Freeman-Thomas लॉर्ड विलिंग्डन

 

                                                      1936 – 43: Victor Alexander John Hope लार्ड लिनलिथगो

 

                                                              1943 – 47: Archibald Percival Wavell लॉर्ड वेवेल

 

                                                             1947: Louis Francis Mountbatten लुईस माउंटबेटन

 

Governors-general/गवरनरा जरनल (Gavarnara janaral)

                                                       1947 – 48: Louis Francis Mountbatten लुईस माउंटबेटन

 

                                         1948 – 50: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari चक्रवर्ती राजगोपालाचारी

 

Presidents/Rartrapawi

                                                             1950 – 62: Rajendra Prasad राजेन्द्र प्रसाद 

 

                                                   1962 – 67: Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan सर्वेपल्लि राधाकृष्णन 

 

                                                              1967 – 69: Zakir Husain ज़ाकिर हुसैन

 

                                                              1969: Varahagiri Venkata Giri वराहगिरी वेंकट गिरी 

 

                                                              1969: Muhammad Hidayatullah मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह

                                                        1969 – 74: Varahagiri Venkata Giri वराहगिरी वेंकट गिरी

 

                                                      1974 – 77: Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed फ़ख़रुद्दीन अली अहमद

 

                                                             1977: Basappa Danappa Jatti बासप्पा दनप्पा जत्ती

 

                                                              1977 – 82: Neelam Sanjiva Reddy नीलम संजीव रेड्डी 

 

                                                              1982 – 87: Giani Zail Singh ज्ञानी ज़ैल सिंह

 

                                              1987 – 92: Ramaswamy Venkataraman रामस्वामी वेंकटरमण 

 

                                                             1992 – 97: Shankar Dayal Sharma शंकर दयाल शर्मा

 

                                     1997 – 2002: Kocheril Raman Narayanan कोच्चेरील रामन नारायणन

 

                      2002 – 07: Aavul Pakkiri Jainulabidin Abdul Kalamए॰ पी॰ जे॰ अब्दुल कलाम

 

                                                    2007 – 12: Pratibha Devisingh Patil प्रतिभा देवीसिंह पाटिल

 

                                                              2012 – 17: Pranab Kumar Mukherjee प्रणब मुखर्जी

 

                                                              2017 -: Ram Nath Kovind राम नाथ कोविन्द

 

Head of Government/सरकार के प्रमुख (Sarakaar ke pramukh)

Secretaries of State for India/ भारत के राज्य सचिव (Bhaarat ke raajy sachiv)

                                              1895 – 1903: George Francis Hamilton जॉर्ज फ्रांसिस हैमिल्टन

 

              1903 – 05: William St.John Fremantle Brodrick विलियम सेंट जॉन फर्मांटल ब्रोड्रिक

 

                                                              1905 – 10: John Morley जॉन मार्ले

 

                                                             1910 – 15: Robert Crewe-Milnes रॉबर्ट क्रेवे-मिल्नेस 

 

                                        1915 – 17: Joseph Austen Chamberlain जोसेफ ऑस्टेन चेम्बरलेन 

 

                                                     1917 – 22: Edwin Samuel Montagu एडविन सैमुअल मोंटेगु

 

                                    1922 – 24: William Robert Wellesley Peel विलियम रॉबर्ट वेलेस्ली पील

 

                                                           1924: Sydney Haldane Olivier सिडनी हाल्डेन ओलिवियर

 

                                                       1924 – 28: Frederick Edwin Smith फ्रेडरिक एडविन स्मिथ

 

                                    1928 – 29: William Robert Wellesley Peel विलियम रॉबर्ट वेलेस्ली पील

 

                                                    1929 – 31: William Wedgwood Benn विलियम वेनगवुड बेन

 

                                             1931 – 35: Samuel John Gurney Hoare सैमुअल जॉन गुरने होरे 

 

                                      1935 – 40: Lawrence John Lumbey Dundas लॉरेंस जॉन लुंबे डंडास

 

                       1940 – 45: Leopold Charles Maurice Stennett लियोपोल्ड चार्ल्स मौरिस स्टैनेट

 

                  1945 – 47: Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence फ्रेडरिक विलियम पेथिक-लॉरेंस 

 

                                                             1947: William Francis Hare विलियम फ्रांसिस हरे 

 

Prime ministers/प्रधानमन्त्री (Pradhānamantrī)

                                                              1946 – 64: Jawaharlal Nehru जवाहरलाल नेहरू

 

                                                             1964: Gulzarilal Nanda  गुलजारीलाल नन्दा

 

                                                              1964 – 66: Lal Bahadur Shastri लालबहादुर शास्त्री

 

                                                             1966: Gulzarilal Nanda गुलजारीलाल नन्दा

 

                                              1966 – 77: Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi इंदिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गांधी

 

                                                             1977 – 79: Morarji Ranchhodji Desai मोरारजी देसाई 

 

                                                          1979 – 80: Choudhary Charan Singh चौधरी चरण सिंह

 

                                              1980 – 84: Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi इंदिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गांधी

 

                                                               1984 – 89: Rajiv Gandhi राजीव गांधी 

 

                                                      1989 – 90: Vishwanath Pratap Singh विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह

 

                                                             1990 – 91: Chandra Shekhar चन्द्रशेखर सिंह

 

                1991 – 96: Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao पामुलापति वेंकट नरसिंह राव 

 

                                                             1996: Atal Bihari Vajpayee अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी

 

        1996 – 97: Haradanahalli Dodde Gowda Deve Gowdaहरदनहल्ली डोडेगौडा देवगौडा 

 

                                                              1997 – 98: Inder Kumar Gujral इन्द्र कुमार गुजराल

 

                                                        1998 – 2004: Atal Bihari Vajpayee अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी

 

                                                               2004 – 14: Manmohan Singh मनमोहन सिंह

 

                                                               2014 -: Narendra Modi नरेन्द्र मोदी

 

                                                                                                                               Princely states/रियासतें (Riyaasaten)

Akalkot/ अक्कलकोट राज्य (Akkalakōṭa) (marathi)

                                                              322 a.c – 185 a.c: Maurya/ मौर्य

 

                                                              230 a.c – 220 d.c: Satavahana/ सातवाहन

 

                                                               250 – 600: Kalabhras कलाभ्र (Kalabhr) 

 

                                                              600 – s. IX: Pallava/ पल्लव  (Pallav)

 

                                                              345 – 525: Kadamba/ कदंब 

 

                                                               543 – 753: Chalukya/ चालुक्य  (Cālukya)

 

                                                              753 – 982: Rashtrakutas/ राष्ट्रकूट 

 

                                     982 – 1189: Western Chalukya/ प्रतीच्य चालुक्य (Pratīcya cālukya)

 

                                                              1189 – 1334: Yadavas

 

                              1336 – 1347: Vijayanagara/ विजयनगर/विजयनगरचे (Vijayanagarache)

 

                                                            1347 – 1526: Bahmani/ बहमनी सल्तनत (Bahamanī)

 

                                                              1526 – 1674: Mughal/ मुग़ल (Muġala)/मुघल 

 

                                                               1674 – 1708: Maratha/मराठा,

 

                                                              1708 - 1947: State/राज्य (Raajy)/राज्य (Rājya)

 

                                                              1947 -: Maharashtra/महाराष्ट्र

 

Rulers/राजा / मेहेरबन श्रीमंत (Raja Meherban Shrimant)

  1896 – 1923: Fatehsinhrao III Shahaji Raje Bhonsle फतेहसिंहराव तृतीय शाहजी राजे भोंसले

 

                                                 1923 – 48: Vijaya Singh Rao Bhonsle विजया सिंह राव भोंसले

 

Bamra/ बामरा (hindi)/ବାମଣ୍ଡା (Baamanda) (odia)

                                                              1750 a.c – 500 a.c: Vedic/ वैदिक सभ्यता (Vaidik)

 

                                                              500 a.c – 322 a.c: Magadha/ मगध 

 

                                                              322 a.c – 261 a.c: Kalinga/ कलिंग/ କଳିଙ୍ଗ

 

                                                               261 a.c - 185 a.c: Maurya/ मौर्य 

 

                                                              185 a.c – 170 a.c: Kharavela/ खारवेल/ ଖାରବେଳ

 

                                                              170 a.c – 220 d.c: Satavahana/ सातवाहन

 

                                                               220 – 550: Gupta/गुप्त 

 

                                                               s. VIII – s. XII: Pala/ पाल 

 

                         s. XII – 1434: Eastern Ganga/पूर्वी गंगवंश (Poorvee Gangiyaan)/ ଗଙ୍ଗବଂଶ 

 

                                                               1434 – 1541: Gajapati/ गजपति जिला/ ଗଜପତି 

 

                                                              1541 – 45: Vijayanagara/ विजयनगर साम्राज्य

 

                                                             1545 – 1948: State/ राज्य (Raajy)/ ରାଜ୍ୟ

 

                                                               1948 -: Odisha/ओडिशा (Ōḍiśā)/ ଓଡିଶା

 

Rajas/ राजा/ରାଜା

                          1869 – 1903: Basu Deb Sudhal Deb बसु देब सुधाल देब ବାସୁଦେବ ସୁଢ଼ଳଦେବ

 

                                                               1903 – 16: Satchitananda Tribhuban Deb सच्चिदानंद त्रिभुवन देब ସଚ୍ଚିଟାନନ୍ଦ ଟ୍ରିବୁବାନ୍ ଦେବ

                                                                1916 – 20: Dibyashankar Sudhal Deb दिबाशंकर सुधाल देब ଦିବ୍ୟାଶଙ୍କର ସୁଧଲ ଦେବ 

            1920 – 47: Bhanuganga Tribhuban Deb भानुगंगा त्रिभुवन देब ଭାନୁଗଙ୍ଗା ଟ୍ରିବୁବାନ୍ ଦେବ

 

Benares/ वाराणसी (Vārāṇasī) (hindi)

                                                              1750 a.c – 500 a.c: Vedic/ वैदिक सभ्यता (Vaidik)

 

                                                              500 a.c – 320 a.c: Kosala/कोशल (Koshal)

 

                                                              320 a.c – 200 a.c: Maurya/मौर्य 

 

                                                               100 a.c – 250 d.c: Kushan/ कुषाण (Kuṣāṇa)

 

                                                               350 – 600: Gupta/गुप्त

 

                                                               600 – 1036: Gurjara- Pratihara/गुर्जर प्रतिहार

 

                                                              1036 – 1194: Pala/ पाल 

 

                                                              1194 – 1740: Awadh/अवध (Avadha)

 

                                                               1740 – 1948: State/राज्य (Raajy)

 

                                                              1948 -: Uttar Pradesh/ उत्तर प्रदेश (Uttara pradēśa)

 

Raja/राजा

                                          1889 – 1918: Prabhu Narayan Singh सर प्रभु नारायण सिंह बहादुर

 

Maharaja Bahadur

                                             1918 – 31: Prabhu Narayan Singh सर प्रभु नारायण सिंह बहादुर 

 

                                                                1931 – 39: Aditya Narayan Singh आदित्य नारायण सिंह

                                                           1939 – 47: Vibhuti Narayan Singh विभूति नारायण सिंह