Afghanistan/افغانستان (Afġānistān) (pashto)/ افغانستان (Afġānestān) (dari)

                                              2100 a.c – 1700 a.c: Bactria/باختر (Bakhtar)/ باختر (Bakhtar)

 

                                                 1700 a.c – 700 a.c: Aryans/آريان (Aryayi)/ آریایی (Ariyan)

 

                                                             700 a.c – 550 a.c: Medes/د ماد  (Mediai)/ ماد  (Mad)

 

                                                            550 a.c – 330 a.c: Persia/ پارس (Faras)/ پرشیا (Fārsi)

 

                                                     330 a.c – 150 a.c: Seleucids/سلوسيد  / سلوکی (Selookoos)

 

150 a.c – 125 a.c: Greco-Bactrians/باختر يوناني (Yumani Bakhtar)/ یونانی بلخ (Junāni Bakhtar)

 

                                                             125 a.c – 80 a.c: Saka/سکا/ ساکا (Sakā) 

 

                                                             80 a.c – 248 d.c: Kushan/کوشان / کوشانی (Kooshani)

 

                                                              248 – 651: Persia/ پارس (Faras)/ پرشی ا(Fārsi)

 

                                                              651 – 661: Rashidun/راشدون/ راشدین  

 

                                                             661 – 750: Ummayad/اموي (Umaya)/ اموی 

 

                                                              750 – 821: Abbasid/عباسي (Abbasi)/ عباسی 

 

                                                              821 – 999: Persia/ پارس (Faras)/ پرشیا (Fārsi)

 

                                              999 – 1215: Ghurid/غوريد (Ghoreed)/ شنسباني, (Shansabānī) 

 

    1215 – 31: Khwarezmids/ خوارزيمي (Khwarzimi)/ خوارزمشاهیان (Khwārazmshāhiyān) 

 

                                                             1231 – 1370: Chagatai/چاغټيان (Chaghatian)/ جغتای 

 

                                    1370 – 1506: Timurid/تېموريان (Taimurian)/ گورکانیان‎ (Gūrkāniyān) 

 

                                                            1506 – 1747: Persia/پارس (Faras)/ پرشیا (Fārsi)

 

                                                         1747 – 1839: Emirate/امارت (Amārat)/ امارت (Emārāt)

 

                                                      1839 – 42: British/برټش (Parangian)/ انگلیسی (Britānijāji)

 

                                                            1842 – 79: Emirate/ امارت (Amārat)/ امارت (Emārāt)

 

                                                  1879 – 1919: British/برټش (Parangian)/ انگلیسی (Britānijāji)

 

                                            1919 – 23: Kingdom/واکمنان (Wākmanān)/ پادشاهی (Pādešāhī)

 

                                                             1923 – 26: State/دولت (Dowlat)/ دولت (Dowlat)

 

                                            1926 – 29: Kingdom/واکمنان (Wākmanān)/ پادشاهی (Pādešāhī)

 

                                                              1929: State/دولت (Dowlat)/ دولت (Dowlat)

 

                                            1929 – 73: Kingdom/واکمنان (Wākmanān)/ پادشاهی (Pādešāhī)

 

                                          1973 – 78: Republic/ جمهوریت (Jumhūriyat)/جمهوری (Jomhūri)

 

1978 – 87: Democratic Republic/دمکراتی جمهوریت (Dimukratī Jumhūriyat)/ جمهوری دمکراتی (Jomhūri-ye Dimukrātī)

 

                                          1987 – 92: Republic/ جمهوریت (Jumhūriyat)/جمهوری (Jomhūri)

 

       1992 – 97: Islamic State/ اسلامي دولت (Islami Dowlat)/دولت اسلامی(Dowlat-e Eslami)

 

1997 – 2001: Islamic Emirate/اسلامي امارات (Islami Amarat)/امارت اسلامی (Emārāt Eslami)

 

       2001 – 04: Islamic State/ اسلامي دولت (Islami Dowlat)/دولت اسلامی(Dowlat-e Eslami)

 

2004 -: Islamic Republic/اسلامي جمهوریت (Islāmī Jumhūriyat)/ جمهوری اسلامی (Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī)

 

Emirs/امير (Ameer)/ امیر  

                                                              1880 – 1901: Abdor Rahman Khan عبدالرحمن خان

 

                                                            1901 – 19: Habibullah Khan امير حبيب الله خان

 

                                                             1919: Nasrullah Khan سردار نصرالله خان

 

                                                             1919 – 26: Amanullah Khan غازي امان الله خان

 

Kings/ادشاه (Bādshāh)/پادشاهان (Pādešāh)

 

                                                             1926 – 29: Amanullah Khan امير امان الله خان

 

                                                             1929: Inayatullah Khan عناية الله خان

 

                                                              1929 – 33: Mohammad Nadir Shah محمد نادر شاه

 

                                                             1933 – 73: Mohammad Zahir Shah محمد ظاهر شاه

 

Presidents/ولسمشران (Rayees)/ روسای (Ra'is)

 

                                            1973 – 78: Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan سردار محمد داود خان

 

Chairman of the Military Council/د نظامي شورا رییس (Shoora Askari Rayees)/ رئیس شورای نظامی (Ra-ees anjoman sepahee)

 

                                                             1978: Abdul Qadir عبد القادر دگروال

 

General Secretaries.of the People's Democratic Party/د خلکو دیموکرات ګوند عمومي منشي (General Secarter khalq dimukrātīk gund) / بیران عمومی حزب دموکراتیک خلق ها (Vazeer Jeneral Hezb-e dimūkrātĩk-e khalq)

 

                                                            1977 – 79: Nur Mohammad Taraki نور محمد ترکی

 

                                                             1979: Hafizullah Amin حفيظ الله امين

 

                                                            1979 – 86: Babrak Karmal ببرک کارمل

 

                                                        1986 – 92: Mohammad Najibullahمحمد نجیب‌الله  احمدزی  

 

Democratic Republic Afganistan Presidents/ د افغانستان دیموکراتیک جمهوریت ولسمشرانو (Dimukratī Jumhūriyat Rayees)/ روسای جمهور جمهوری دموکراتیک افغانستان (Ra'is Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī )

 

                                                              1978 – 79: Nur Mohammad Taraki نور محمد ترکی

 

                                                              1979: Hafizullah Amin حفيظ الله امين

 

                                                             1979 – 86: Babrak Karmal ببرک کارمل

 

                                               1986 – 87: Haji Mohammad Chamkani حاجی محمد څمکنی

 

                                                           1987 – 92: Mohammad Najibullah محمد نجیبالله احمدزی

 

Presidents/ولسمشران (Rayees)/ روسای (Ra'is)

 

                                                              1992: Abdul Rahim Hatef عبدالرحیم هاتف

 

                                                              1992: Sibghatullah Mojadedi صبغت الله مجددي

 

                                                             1992 – 96: Burhanuddin Rabbani برهان الدين رباني

 

Taliban Ruler/د طالبانو واکمن (Tālibān Khatkash)/ حاکم طالبان (Amel)

 

                                                             1996 – 2001: Mullah Mohammad Omar محمد عمر

 

Presidents/ولسمشران (Rayees) / روسای (Ra'is)

 

                                                             2001: Burhanuddin Rabbani برهان الدين رباني

 

                                                              2001 – 14: Hamid Karzai حامد کرزی

 

                                                             2014 -: Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai اشرف غني

 

Bangladesh/বাংলাদেশ (bengali)

                                                   7000 a.c – 3300 a.c: Mehrgarh/মেহেরগড় (Mēghagaṛa)

 

                                                             3300 a.c – 1900 a.c: Harappan/ হরপ্পা

 

                                                     1900 a.c – 322 a.c: Kingdoms/কিংডম (Kiṇḍama)

 

                                                              322 a.c – 185 a.c: Mauryan/मौर्य

 

          185 a.c – 400 d.c: Mahameghavahana/মহামেঘাওয়াহানা (Mahāmēghā'ōẏāhānā)

 

                                                             400 – 550: Gupta/ গুপ্ত

 

                                                             550 – 626: Gauda/ গৌড় (Gauṛa)

 

                                                              626 – 705: Khagda/খগদা

 

                                                             705 – 1199: Pala/পাল

 

                                                              1199 – 1204: Deva/দেবা

 

                                                             1204 – 1227: Khilji/ খিলজি (Khilaji)

 

                                                              1227 – 81: Mamluk/ মামলুক (Māmaluka)

 

                                                              1281 – 1576: Sultanate/সুলতানি (Sulatāni)

 

                                                             1576 – 1765: Moghul/ মুঘল (Mughala)

 

                                                             1765 – 1947: British/ ব্রিটিশ (Briṭiśa)

 

                                                             1947 – 71: Pakistan/ পাকিস্তান (Pākistāna)

 

                                                 1971 -: People' s Republic/ গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী (Gônoprojatontri)

 

Governors/ গভর্নর (Gabharnara)                                                                                                     West Bengal Chief Minister/পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মুখ্যমন্ত্রী (Paścimabaṅgēra mukhyamantrī)

                                       1947 – 50: Frederick Chalmers Bourne ফ্র্যাডেরিক চালমার্স‌ বোর্ন‌

                                                             1946 – 47: Prafulla Ghosh প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র ঘোষ

                                                             1950 – 53: Malik Feroz Khan Nun ফিরোজ খান নুন

Chief Ministers /মুখ্যমন্ত্রী (Mukhyamantrī)

                                             1953 – 54: Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman চৌধুরী খালিকুজ্জামান

                                                             1947 – 48: Khwaja Nazimuddin খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন

                                                             1954 – 55: Iskandar Ali Mirza ইস্কান্দার মির্জা

                                                             1948 – 52: Nurul Amin নূরুল আমীন

                                                          1955: Mohammad Shahabuddin মুহাম্মদ শাহাবউদ্দিন

                                                  1954: Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq আবুল কাশেম ফজলুল হক

                                                           1955 – 56: Amiruddin Ahmad আমিরউদ্দীন আহমদ

                                                           1955 – 56: Abu Hossain Sarkar আবু হোসেন সরকার

                                        1956 – 58: Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq আবুল কাসেম ফজলুল হক 

                                                         1956 – 58: Ataur Rahman Khan আতাউর রহমান খান)

                                                              1958: Hamid Ali হামিদ আলী

                                                              1958: Abu Hossain Sarkar আবু হোসেন সরকার

                                                                1958: Sultanuddin Ahmad সুলতানউদ্দিন আহমদ

                                                             1958: Ataur Rahman Khan আতাউর রহমান খান)

                                                             1958 – 60: Zakir Hussain জাকির হোসাইন

                                                             1958: Abu Hossain Sarkar আবু হোসেন সরকার

                                                     1960 - 62: Mohammad Azam Khan মুহাম্মদ আজম খান 

Prime ministres/প্রধানমন্ত্রী (Pradhānamantrī)

                                                              1962: Ghulam Faruq গোলাম ফারুক খান

                                                             1971 – 72: Tajuddin Ahmed তাজউদ্দিন আহমেদ

                                                             1962 – 69: Abdul Munim Khan আবদুল মোনেম খান

                                                              1972 – 75: Mujibur Rahman শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান

                                                             1969: Mirza Nurul Huda মির্জা নূরুল হুদা

                                                               1978 – 79: Mashiur Rahman মশিউর রহমান

                                                              1969: Muzaffaruddin মোজাফফরুদ্দিন

                                                        1979 – 82: Shah Azizur Rahman শাহ আজিজুর রহমান

                                                         1969: Sahabzada Yaqub Khan সাহেবজাদা ইয়াকুব খান

                                                         1984 – 86: Ataur Rahman Khan আতাউর রহমান খান

                                           1969 – 71: Syed Mohammad Ahsan সৈয়দ মোহাম্মদ আহসান 

                                       1986 – 88: Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury মিজানুর রহমান চৌধুরী

                                                             1971: Tikka Khan টিক্কা খান

                                                             1988 – 89: Moudud Ahmed মওদুদ আহমেদ

                                                              1971: Abdul Motaleb Malik আবদুল মুতালিব মালেক

                                                             1989 – 90: Kazi Zafar Ahmed কাজী জাফর আহমেদ

                                            1971: Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi আমির আবদুল্লাহ খান নিয়াজী

                                                              1991 – 96: Khaleda Zia খালেদা জিয়া

Presidents/রাষ্ট্রপতি (Rāṣṭrapati)

                                               1996: Mohammad Habibur Rahman মুহাম্মদ হাবিবুর রহমান

                                                             1971 – 72: Mujibur Rahman শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান

                                                             1996 – 2001: Hasina Wajed শেখ হাসিনা ওয়াজেদ

                                                        1972 – 73: Abu Sayeed Chowdhury আবু সাঈদ চৌধুরী

                                                             2001: Latifur Rahman লতিফুর রহমান

                                        1973 – 75: Mohammad Mohammadullah মোহাম্মদ মুহম্মদুল্লাহ

                                                             2001 – 06: Hasina Wajed শেখ হাসিনা ওয়াজেদ

                                                             1975: Mujibur Rahman শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান

                                                              2006 – 07: Iajuddin Ahmed ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ

                                         1975: Khundaqar Mushtaq Ahmed খন্দকার মোশতাক আহমেদ

                                                               2007: Fazlul Haque ফজলুল হক

                          1975 – 77: Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem আবু সাদাত মোহাম্মদ সায়েম

                                                              2007 – 09: Fakhruddin Ahmed ফখরুদ্দীন আহমেদ

                                                            1977 – 81: Ziaur Rahman জিয়াউর রহমান

                                                              2009 -: Hasina Wajed শেখ হাসিনা ওয়াজেদ

                                                             1981 – 82: Abdus Sattar আব্দুস সাত্তার

 

                                               1982: Hossain Mohammad Ershad হুসেইন মুহাম্মদ এরশাদ

 

1982 – 83: Abul Fazal Mohammad Ahsanuddin Choudhury আফম আহসানউদ্দিন চৌধুরী

 

                                      1983 – 90: Hossain Mohammad Ershad হুসেইন মুহাম্মদ এরশাদ

 

                                                          1990 – 91: Shahabuddin Ahmed শাহাবুদ্দিন আহমেদ

 

                                                     1991 – 96: Abdur Rahman Biswas আব্দুর রহমান বিশ্বাস

 

                                                      1996 – 2001: Shahabuddin Ahmed শাহাবুদ্দিন আহমেদ

 

                                     2001 – 02: Badruddoza Chowdhury একিউএম বদরুদ্দোজা চৌধুরী

 

                                                              2002: Jamiruddin Sircar জমীরুদ্দিন সরকার

 

                                                             2002 – 09: Iajuddin Ahmed ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ

 

                                                              2009 – 13: Zillur Rahman জিল্লুর রহমান

 

                                                              2013 -: Abdul Hamid আব্দুল হামিদ

 

Bhutan/འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ (Druk Yul) (dzhongka) 

                                                             500 a.c – 600 d.c: Monpa

 

                                                              600 – 1626: Tibet/ བོད། (Bö)

 

                                                             1626 – 1865: Kingdom/རྒྱལ་ཁབ (Gyel Khap)

 

                                                             1865 – 1947: British/ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ

 

                                                              1947 -: Kingdom/རྒྱལ་ཁབ (Gyel Khap)

 

British Political Officers/si go pön                                                                                                    Chief ministers/Tso dzin iön po

                                                             1910 – 20: Charles A. Bell

                                                             1907 – 17: Ugyen Dorji ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ

                                                             1920: John Bartley

                                                              1917 – 52: Sonam Tobgay Dorji སྟོབས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ

                                                              1920 – 21: Charles A. Bell

Prime ministers/བློན་ཆེན།

                                                             1921 – 28: Frederick Marshman Bailey

                                                             1952 – 64: Jigme Palden Dorji

                                                              1928 – 32: Leslie Weir

                                                             1964: Dasho Lhendup Dorji

                                                              1932 – 35: Frederick Williamson

                                                              1998 – 99: Jigme Thinley འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་

                                                             1935 – 45: Basil J. Gould

                                                             1999 – 2000: Sangay Ngedup

                                                             1945 – 47: Arthur John Hopkinson

                                                              2000 – 01: Yeshey Zimba

Regents/Dé pa

                                                              2001 – 02: Khandu Wangchuk

                                                               1885 – 1901: Sangye Dorji

                                                              2002 – 03: Kinzang Dorji

                                                             1903 – 05: Choley Yeshe Ngodub

                                                              2003 – 04: Jigme Thinley འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་

Kings/Gyel po

                                                             2004 – 05: Yeshey Zimba

                                                             1907 – 26: Ugyen Wangchuk ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག

                                                              2005 – 06: Sangay Ngedup

                                                             1926 – 52: Jigme Wangchuk འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག

                                                              2006 – 07: Khandu Wangchuk

                                          1952 – 72: Jigme Dorji Wangchuk འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག

                                                              2007 – 08: Kinzang Dorji

                                                   1972 – 2006: Jigme Singye Wangchuk འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་

                                                             2008 – 13: Jigmi Thinley འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས

                                     2006 -: Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuk འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་

                                                              2013: Sonam Tobgye

 

                                                              2013 – 18: Tshering Tobgay

 

                                                              2018: Tshering Wangchuk

 

                                                              2018 -: Lotay Tshering བློ་གྲོས་ཚེ་རིང་

Iran/ایران‎ (Irān) (persian) 

                                                              3200 a.c – 728 a.c: Elam/ایلام 

 

                                                             728 a.c – 550 a.c: Medes/ ماد (Mad)

 

                                                             550 a.c – 330 a.c: Empire/امپراتوری (Hukm-guẕārī)

 

                                                              330 a.c – 312 a.c: Macedonia/مقدونیه (Maġdunie)

 

                                                             12 a.c – 247 a.c: Seleucid/سلوکی (Selookeed)

 

                                                              247 a.c – 224 d.c: Parthian/اشکانی

 

                                                               224 – 651: Empire/امپراتوری (Hukm-guẕārī)

 

                                                                651 – 867: Arabs/عرب (Arab)

 

                                                              867 – 1118: States/کشور (Kešvar)

 

                                                              1118 – 94: Seljuk/ سلجوق (Saljūq)

 

                                          1194 – 1221: Khwarazam/خوارزمشاهیان (Khwārazmshāhiyān)

 

                                                             1221 – 1343: Mongol/مغول  

 

                                                              1343 – 1449: Timurid/تیموریان (Gūrkāniyān)

 

                                                              1449 – 1501: States/کشور (Kešvar)

 

                                                              1501 – 1907: Empire/امپراتوری (Hukm-guẕārī)

 

                                     1907 – 17: Russia and British/روسیه و انگلیس (Rusijeh o Britānijāji)

 

                                                              1917 – 19: Empire/امپراتوری (Hukm-guẕārī)

 

                                                              1919 – 21: British/انگلیسی (Britānijāji)

 

                                                              1921 – 41: Empire/ فرمانروایی

 

1941 – 46: British and URSS/اتحاد جماهیر شوروی و انگلیس (Britānijāji o Ettehād-e šowravi)

 

                                                              1946 – 79: Empire/امپراتوری (Hukm-guẕārī)

 

                                          1979 -: Islamic Republic/جمهوری اسلامی (Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi)

 

Shah/شاه (Šāh)

                                                         1896 – 1907: Mozaffar ad-Din Qajar مظفرالدین شاه قاجار 

 

                                                              1907 – 09: Mohammad Ali Qajar محمدعلی شاه قاجار

 

                                                              1909 – 25: Soltan Ahmad Qajar احمد شاه قاجار

 

                                                              1925 – 41: Reza Pahlavi رضا شاه پهلوی

 

                                                       1941 – 79: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi محمدرضا پهلوی‎

 

Supreme Leaders/ هبر معظم (Rahbar-e mo'azzam)

                                      1980 – 89: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini سید روح‌الله موسوی خمینی

 

                                                 1989 -: Sayyed Mohammed Khameini سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای

 
 
 

Presidents/رئیس‌ (Rayis)

                                                              1980 – 81: Abolhassan Bani-Sadr ابوالحسن بنی‌صدر 

 

1981: Abdolkarim Moussavi عبدالکریم موسوی ,Ali Akbar Rafsanjani اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی 

 

                                            1981: Mohammad Ali Raja´i محمد علی رجائی

1981: Mohammad Hossein Beheshti سیّد محمد حسینی بهشتی,Abdolkarim Moussavi عبدالکریم موسوی ,Ali Rafsanjani اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی

 

                                                 1981 - 89: Sayyed Mohammed Khameini علی حسینی خامنه‌ای

 

                                                         1989 – 97: Ali Akbar Rafsanjani اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی 

 

                                                              1997 – 2005: Mohammad Khatami سید محمد خاتمی  

 

                                                             2005 – 13: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad محمود احمدی‌نژاد

 

                                                              2013 -: Hassan Rouhani حسن روحانی